challamzinnia A quick note to let you know that you haven't missed anything on this forum. I check in every week and read anything and everything that can be found with the search term "linux", and there has been no mention of this issue. That doesn't surprise me; the Edge Team has been remarkably silent on all things Edge-Linux in this forum.
You've filed Feedback, and that is usually the best way to bring Microsoft's attention to an issue, although Feedback doesn't normally get a substantive response.
It is possible that your company's Azure AD instance is not yet supported by Edge, and the problem you are encountering is general rather than specific to Edge-Linux: "Currently, Microsoft Edge only supports Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) accounts belonging to the global cloud or the GCC sovereign cloud. We are working on adding support for other sovereign clouds."
It you have access to a Windows 10 computer, you might try signing in from Edge on that computer; if you can't sign to your company's Azure AD from the Windows computer, that suggests that the problem is related to a currently unsupported Azure AD instance rather than an issue with Edge-Linux.
On the off chance that there is something in your particular configuration (either on your end or on your company's Azure end) that is blocking Azure AD login, you might open a ticket with Microsoft Edge Insider Support.