Pollution and Waste

The interconnectedness of healthcare waste management, climate change, and environmental degradation highlights the need for sustainable practices and technologies to protect both human health and the environment.

people walking in dusty environment

Sand and dust storms are an essential element of the Earth’s natural bio-chemical cycles, but are also caused in part by human-induced drivers including climate change, unsustainable land management, and water use, and in turn sand and dust storms contribute to climate change and air pollution. At least 25 per cent of global dust emissions originate from human activities. Sustainable water and land management practices can decrease the impacts of sand and dust storms. The International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms (12 July) brings attention to this formidable and wide-spread challenge.

A large amount of Black Soldier flies resting on a net.

In early 2023, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, faced a growing organic waste problem. The city reached out to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for help. FAO's project, BioDAF, aimed to turn organic waste into a resource using the Black Soldier Fly. The idea was to get the flies to mate, give their offspring tons of garbage to eat, and then dry the larvae to use as either feed for livestock or powdered food for fish farms. The project received funding from FAO’s ELEVATE programme, which supports innovative agricultural solutions.

Refugee entrepreneur Raphael transforms Kakuma camp in Kenya through plastic recycling, creating jobs and fostering environmental sustainability.

Nearly 80% of all plastics ever produced have accumulated in landfills or in the environment, where they will remain for hundreds of years before decomposing.

From discarded bags at the bottom of the Mariana Trench to microscopic particles in human placentas, plastics are ubiquitous. This material has permeated every facet of our lives, but at the same time, our current pattern of plastic production and consumption has driven a dramatic increase in plastic waste worldwide. Today, plastic pollution poses a serious threat not only to the environment but also to human health. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) Small Grants Programme (SGP) is implementing the Plastics Innovation Programme to foster knowledge-sharing among 14 countries and promote innovative solutions to tackle plastic waste. On International Mother Earth Day (22 April) the GEF Small Grants Programme team has prepared a highlight that showcases successful projects.

A group of floating plastic bottles.

More than 117,000 plastic bottles will have been used by the time you finish reading this sentence, directly impacting your health and the environment. More than 99% of plastic comes from fossil fuels, which is at odds with the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. However, a recent report highlights that the world can cut plastic pollution by 80 percent by 2040. To achieve this goal, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) suggests that we can reform fossil fuel subsidies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, promote circular economy practices, invest in innovation, and empower waste workers to improve plastic their livelihoods.

The International Day of Zero Waste emphasizes the critical need for effective waste management and reduced consumption to combat the environmental and health repercussions.

Grasping the extent of food waste through robust measurement, as highlighted in the Food Waste Index Reports, is crucial for catalyzing essential action and progress towards achieving SDG 12.

Global Methane Forum emphasizes urgent action to convert commitments into tangible reductions in methane emissions, crucial for achieving the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target by 2050.

Waste Collects on the Shores of Timor-Leste.

Humanity's unsustainable production and consumption patterns are driving the planet toward destruction. Households, small businesses and public services generate more than 2.1 billion tons of municipal solid waste each year. Yet the world's waste management services are ill-equipped: 2.7 billion people have no access to solid waste collection and only 61-62% of municipal solid waste is managed in controlled facilities. The International Zero Waste Day (30 March) highlights the critical need to strengthen waste management globally and promote sustainable production and consumption practices.

The International Atomic Energy Agency launched its first scientific research expedition to investigate the presence of microplastics in Antarctica as part of efforts to combat this growing environmental problem, even in the planet’s most remote areas.

A phosphorus covered beach

The excessive release of nutrients like phosphorus from sources such as synthetic fertilizers, has plagued Florida's beaches, underscoring the urgent need for global cooperation to reduce nutrient pollution.

Galapagos Islands has implemented selected innovative solutions for waste management in order to preserve its open-air biological museum status.

A man charging an electric vehicle at a charge station.

Global regulators will ignite discussions on the future of vehicle safety and emissions at the upcoming session of the Working Party on Pollution and Energy in Geneva (9-12 January). The Working Party on Pollution and Energy is one of the subsidiary bodies of the UNECE's World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, which is responsible for setting global automotive standards for vehicle safety and emissions. Follow the UNECE's website for updates on the Working Party's progress and to learn more about its work in shaping the future of environmentally friendly transportation.

Aerial view of a coal-fired power plant and tall smokestacks rising and polluting the atmosphere as the sun goes down.

The concentration of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new record level last year. This is part of an upward trend with no end in sight, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The UN agency’s latest Greenhouse Gas Bulletin compares the gas concentration levels with the previous year and with preindustrial levels. It warns that the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to a rise in temperature, extreme weather conditions, and a rise in sea levels.