skip to main content
10.1145/3459637.3482148acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescikmConference Proceedingsconference-collections
short-paper

Multi-Sentence Argument Linking via An Event-Aware Hierarchical Encoder

Published: 30 October 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Multi-sentence argument linking aims at detecting implicit event arguments across sentences, which is indispensable when textual events span across multiple sentences in a document. Previous studies suffer from the inherent limitations of error propagation and lack the explicit modeling of the local and non-local interactions in a textual event. In this paper, we propose an event-aware hierarchical encoder for multi-sentence argument linking. Specifically, we introduce a hierarchical encoder to explicitly capture the local and global interactions in a textual event. Furthermore, we introduce an auxiliary task to predict the event-relevant context in a manner of multi-task learning, which can implicitly benefit the argument linking model to be aware of the event-relevant context. The empirical results on the widely used argument linking dataset show that our model significantly outperforms the baselines, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (CIKM2021_PPT.mp4)
Presentation video

References

[1]
David Ahn. 2006. The stages of event extraction. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Annotating and Reasoning about Time and Events. 1--8.
[2]
Yubo Chen, Liheng Xu, Kang Liu, Daojian Zeng, and Jun Zhao. 2015. Event Extraction via Dynamic Multi-Pooling Convolutional Neural Networks. In Proceedings of the ACL.
[3]
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 4171--4186. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19--1423
[4]
George R Doddington, Alexis Mitchell, Mark A Przybocki, Lance A Ramshaw, Stephanie M Strassel, and Ralph M Weischedel. 2004. The Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) Program-Tasks, Data, and Evaluation. In Lrec, Vol. 2. Lisbon, 1.
[5]
Seth Ebner, Patrick Xia, Ryan Culkin, Kyle Rawlins, and Benjamin Van Durme. 2020. Multi-Sentence Argument Linking. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 8057--8077. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.718
[6]
Yu Hong, Jianfeng Zhang, Bin Ma, Jianmin Yao, Guodong Zhou, and Qiaoming Zhu. 2011. Using cross-entity inference to improve event extraction. In Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies. 1127--1136.
[7]
Lifu Huang, Heng Ji, Kyunghyun Cho, Ido Dagan, Sebastian Riedel, and Clare Voss. 2018. Zero-Shot Transfer Learning for Event Extraction. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Melbourne, Australia, 2160--2170. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P18--1201
[8]
Heng Ji and Ralph Grishman. 2008. Refining event extraction through cross-document inference. In Proceedings of ACL-08: Hlt. 254--262.
[9]
Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2014. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014).
[10]
Qi Li, Heng Ji, and Liang Huang. 2013. Joint event extraction via structured prediction with global features. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 73--82.
[11]
Shasha Liao and Ralph Grishman. 2010. Using document level cross-event inference to improve event extraction. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 789--797.
[12]
Jian Liu, Yubo Chen, Kang Liu, Wei Bi, and Xiaojiang Liu. 2020. Event Extraction as Machine Reading Comprehension. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 1641--1651. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.128
[13]
Thien Huu Nguyen, Kyunghyun Cho, and Ralph Grishman. 2016. Joint event extraction via recurrent neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 300--309.
[14]
Yeon Seonwoo, Ji-Hoon Kim, Jung-Woo Ha, and Alice Oh. 2020. Context-Aware Answer Extraction in Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2418--2428. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.189
[15]
Peng Shi and Jimmy Lin. 2019. Simple bert models for relation extraction and semantic role labeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05255 (2019).
[16]
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 5998--6008.
[17]
Bishan Yang and Tom M. Mitchell. 2016. Joint Extraction of Events and Entities within a Document Context. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics, San Diego, California, 289--299. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N16--1033
[18]
Sen Yang, Dawei Feng, Linbo Qiao, Zhigang Kan, and Dongsheng Li. 2019. Exploring Pre-trained Language Models for Event Extraction and Generation. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 5284--5294.
[19]
Zhisong Zhang, Xiang Kong, Zhengzhong Liu, Xuezhe Ma, and Eduard Hovy. 2020. A Two-Step Approach for Implicit Event Argument Detection. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 7479--7485.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Automatically Temporal Labeled Data Generation Using Positional Lexicon Expansion for Focus Time Estimation of News ArticlesACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing10.1145/356816423:5(1-20)Online publication date: 10-May-2024
  • (2023)Semisupervised Federated Learning for Temporal News Hyperpatism DetectionIEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems10.1109/TCSS.2023.324760210:4(1758-1769)Online publication date: Aug-2023

Index Terms

  1. Multi-Sentence Argument Linking via An Event-Aware Hierarchical Encoder

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CIKM '21: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management
    October 2021
    4966 pages
    ISBN:9781450384469
    DOI:10.1145/3459637
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 30 October 2021

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. argument linking
    2. document representation
    3. multi-task learning

    Qualifiers

    • Short-paper

    Funding Sources

    Conference

    CIKM '21
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,861 of 8,427 submissions, 22%

    Upcoming Conference

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)10
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
    Reflects downloads up to 14 Sep 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Automatically Temporal Labeled Data Generation Using Positional Lexicon Expansion for Focus Time Estimation of News ArticlesACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing10.1145/356816423:5(1-20)Online publication date: 10-May-2024
    • (2023)Semisupervised Federated Learning for Temporal News Hyperpatism DetectionIEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems10.1109/TCSS.2023.324760210:4(1758-1769)Online publication date: Aug-2023

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media