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Hazard analysis for human-on-the-loop interactions in sUAS systems

Authors:

Michael Vierhauser,

Md Nafee Al Islam,

Jane Cleland-Huang,

James MasonAuthors Info & Claims

ESEC/FSE 2021: Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering

Pages 8 - 19

https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468534

Published: 18 August 2021 Publication History

Abstract

With the rise of new AI technologies, autonomous systems are moving towards a paradigm in which increasing levels of responsibility are shifted from the human to the system, creating a transition from human-in-the-loop systems to human-on-the-loop (HoTL) systems. This has a significant impact on the safety analysis of such systems, as new types of errors occurring at the boundaries of human-machine interactions need to be taken into consideration. Traditional safety analysis typically focuses on system-level hazards with little focus on user-related or user-induced hazards that can cause critical system failures. To address this issue, we construct domain-level safety analysis assets for sUAS (small unmanned aerial systems) applications and describe the process we followed to explicitly, and systematically identify Human Interaction Points (HiPs), Hazard Factors and Mitigations from system hazards. We evaluate our approach by first investigating the extent to which recent sUAS incidents are covered by our hazard trees, and second by performing a study with six domain experts using our hazard trees to identify and document hazards for sUAS usage scenarios. Our study showed that our hazard trees provided effective coverage for a wide variety of sUAS application scenarios and were useful for stimulating safety thinking and helping users to identify and potentially mitigate human-interaction hazards.

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Cited By

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643655.3643882
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Chambers TVierhauser MAgrawal AMurphy MBrauer JPurandare SCohen MCleland-Huang J(2024)HIFuzz: Human Interaction Fuzzing for Small Unmanned Aerial VehiclesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642958(1-14)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
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Index Terms

Hazard analysis for human-on-the-loop interactions in sUAS systems

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cover image ACM Conferences

ESEC/FSE 2021: Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering

August 2021

1690 pages

ISBN:9781450385626

DOI:10.1145/3468264

General Chairs:
Diomidis Spinellis
Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece
,
Georgios Gousios
Facebook, Netherlands / Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
,
Program Chairs:
Marsha Chechik
University of Toronto, Canada
,
Massimiliano Di Penta
University of Sannio, Italy

Copyright © 2021 ACM.

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Published: 18 August 2021

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ESEC/FSE '21: 29th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering

August 23 - 28, 2021

Athens, Greece

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Cited By

Chambers TCleland-Huang JVierhauser MAntonino PBae DBertolino ALonetti FSantos Í(2024)Self-Adaptation of Loosely Coupled Systems across a System of Small Uncrewed Aerial SystemsProceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems and Software Ecosystems10.1145/3643655.3643882(37-44)Online publication date: 14-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643655.3643882
Cleland-Huang JChambers TZudaire SChowdhury MAgrawal AVierhauser M(2024)Human–machine Teaming with Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in a MAPE-K EnvironmentACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems10.1145/361800119:1(1-35)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618001
Chambers TVierhauser MAgrawal AMurphy MBrauer JPurandare SCohen MCleland-Huang J(2024)HIFuzz: Human Interaction Fuzzing for Small Unmanned Aerial VehiclesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642958(1-14)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642958
Agrawal AZech PVierhauser M(2024)Coupled Requirements-Driven Testing of CPS: From Simulation to Reality2024 IEEE 32nd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)10.1109/RE59067.2024.00040(337-344)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RE59067.2024.00040
Di Sorbo AZampetti FVisaggio ADi Penta MPanichella S(2023)Automated Identification and Qualitative Characterization of Safety Concerns Reported in UAV Software PlatformsACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology10.1145/356482132:3(1-37)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3564821
Agrawal AZhang BShivalingaiah YVierhauser MCleland-Huang J(2023)A Requirements-Driven Platform for Validating Field Operations of Small Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles2023 IEEE 31st International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)10.1109/RE57278.2023.00013(29-40)Online publication date: Sep-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/RE57278.2023.00013
Chowdhury MCleland-Huang J(2023)Engineering Challenges for AI-Supported Computer Vision in Small Uncrewed Aerial Systems2023 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Conference on AI Engineering – Software Engineering for AI (CAIN)10.1109/CAIN58948.2023.00033(158-170)Online publication date: May-2023
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Zhang BShivalingaiah YAgrawal ABissyandé TKlein JBird CSarro F(2023)DroneReqValidator: Facilitating High Fidelity Simulation Testing for Uncrewed Aerial Systems DevelopersProceedings of the 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering10.1109/ASE56229.2023.00011(2082-2085)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2023
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Vierhauser MGarmendia AStadler MWimmer MCleland-Huang J(2023) GRuM — A flexible model-driven runtime monitoring framework and its application to automated aerial and ground vehiclesJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2023.111733203:COnline publication date: 1-Sep-2023
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Cleland-Huang JChawla NCohen MAl Islam MSinha USpirkovska LMa YPurandare SChowdhury M(2022)Towards Real-Time Safety Analysis of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in the National AirspaceAIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum10.2514/6.2022-3540Online publication date: 15-Jun-2022
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