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These are the rules concerning transliteration in Thai entries.
Consonants
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
22
|
Tone class
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
Consonants
|
ก
|
ข
|
ฃ1
|
ค
|
ฅ1
|
ฆ
|
ง
|
จ
|
ฉ
|
ช6
|
ซ6
|
ฌ6
|
ญ
|
ฎ
|
ฏ
|
ฐ
|
ฑ
|
ฒ
|
ณ
|
ด
|
ต
|
ถ
|
Paiboon
|
Initials
|
g
|
k
|
ng
|
j
|
ch
|
s
|
ch
|
y
|
d
|
dt
|
t
|
n
|
d
|
dt
|
t
|
Finals
|
k
|
(k)
|
k
|
(k)
|
k
|
t
|
(t)
|
t
|
n
|
t
|
t
|
Royal Institute
|
Initials
|
k
|
kh
|
ng
|
ch
|
s
|
ch
|
y
|
d
|
t
|
th
|
n
|
d
|
t
|
th
|
Finals
|
k
|
(k)
|
k
|
(k)
|
k
|
t
|
(t)
|
t
|
n
|
t
|
t
|
|
23
|
24
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
28
|
29
|
30
|
31
|
32
|
33
|
34
|
35
|
36
|
37
|
38
|
39
|
40
|
41
|
42
|
43
|
44
|
Tone class
|
low
|
mid
|
high
|
low
|
low
|
high
|
low
|
mid
|
low
|
Consonants
|
ท
|
ธ
|
น
|
บ
|
ป
|
ผ
|
ฝ
|
พ
|
ฟ6
|
ภ
|
ม
|
ย
|
ร4,5
|
ล5,6
|
ว
|
ศ
|
ษ
|
ส6
|
ห
|
ฬ
|
อ
|
ฮ
|
Paiboon
|
Initials
|
t
|
n
|
b
|
bp
|
p
|
f
|
p
|
f
|
p
|
m
|
y
|
r
|
l
|
w
|
s
|
h
|
l
|
–2
|
h
|
Finals
|
t
|
p
|
(p)
|
p
|
i3
|
n
|
o3
|
t
|
(h)
|
n
|
–
|
(h)
|
Royal Institute
|
Initials
|
th
|
n
|
b
|
p
|
ph
|
f
|
ph
|
f
|
ph
|
m
|
y
|
r
|
l
|
w
|
s
|
h
|
l
|
–2
|
h
|
Finals
|
t
|
p
|
(p)
|
p
|
i3
|
n
|
o3
|
t
|
(h)
|
n
|
–
|
(h)
|
- Obsolete letters
- Silent as initial consonant
- Part of a diphthong
- Final ร without a vowel mark = ɔɔn; Medial รร = a
- ฤ = รึ (rʉ, rue); ฤๅ = รือ: (rʉʉ, rue); ฦ = ลึ (lʉ, lue); ฦๅ = ลือ: (lʉʉ, lue). However, their pronunciation might change in words.
- Western loanwords sometimes use initials as alternative finals instead.
- Finals in parentheses are theoretical and they have never occured.
Vowels
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
22
|
23
|
24
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
28
|
Vowels
|
Open syllable
|
◌ะ
|
◌า
|
◌ิ
|
◌ี
|
◌ึ
|
◌ือ
|
◌ุ
|
◌ู
|
เ◌ะ
|
เ◌
|
แ◌ะ
|
แ◌
|
โ◌ะ
|
โ◌
|
เ◌าะ
|
◌อ (◌ɔɔ)
|
เ◌อะ
|
เ◌อ
|
เ◌ียะ
|
เ◌ีย
|
เ◌ือะ
|
เ◌ือ
|
◌ัวะ
|
◌ัว
|
–
|
ไ◌
|
ใ◌
|
เ◌า
|
Closed syllable
|
◌ั
|
◌ื
|
เ◌็
|
แ◌็
|
◌
|
◌็อ
|
เ◌ิ
|
เ◌ีย
|
เ◌ือ
|
◌ว (◌wɔɔ)
|
◌ำ
|
–
|
Paiboon
|
a
|
aa
|
i
|
ii
|
ʉ
|
ʉʉ
|
u
|
uu
|
e
|
ee
|
ɛ
|
ɛɛ
|
o
|
oo
|
ɔ
|
ɔɔ
|
ə
|
əə
|
ia
|
iia
|
ʉa
|
ʉʉa
|
ua
|
uua
|
am
|
ai
|
ao
|
Royal Institute
|
a
|
i
|
ue
|
u
|
e
|
ae
|
o
|
oe
|
ia
|
uea
|
ua
|
am
|
ai
|
ao
|
Phonetic diphthongs
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
Diphthongs
|
◌ัย
|
◌าย
|
◌าว
|
◌ิว
|
◌ึย
|
◌ุย
|
◌ูย
|
เ◌็ว
|
เ◌ว
|
แ◌็ว
|
แ◌ว
|
โ◌ย
|
◌็อย
|
◌อย
|
เ◌ย
|
เ◌ียว
|
เ◌ือย
|
◌วย
|
Paiboon
|
ai
|
aai
|
aao
|
iu
|
ʉi
|
ui
|
uui
|
eo
|
eeo
|
ɛo
|
ɛɛo
|
ooi
|
ɔi
|
ɔɔi
|
əəi
|
iiao
|
ʉʉai
|
uuai
|
Royal Institute
|
ai
|
ao
|
io
|
uei
|
ui
|
eo
|
aeo
|
oi
|
oei
|
iao
|
ueai
|
uai
|
Tone marks
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Tone marks
|
no mark
|
◌่
|
◌้
|
◌๊
|
◌๋
|
Syllable type
|
live1
|
short dead2
|
long dead2
|
Paiboon
|
High class
|
◌̌
|
◌̀
|
◌̂
|
–
|
Mid class
|
◌
|
◌́
|
◌̌
|
Low class
|
◌́
|
◌̂
|
◌́
|
–
|
Royal Institute
|
not present at all
|
- Syllable ending in long vowel, diphthong or nasal
- Syllable ending in a short vowel or plosive
Lexical ordering
First level
|
left to right |
end of string < consonant symbol <? Thai numeral
|
Second level
|
by consonant, left to right |
inherent vowel < vowel symbol
|
Third level
|
left to right |
no tone mark < tone mark
|
Numerals
Hindu-Arabic
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9
|
Thai
|
๐ (0) |
๑ (1) |
๒ (2) |
๓ (3) |
๔ (4) |
๕ (5) |
๖ (6) |
๗ (7) |
๘ (8) |
๙ (9)
|
- Other symbols of undetermined ordering: ◌็, ◌์, ฯ, ๆ
- Foreign and archaic characters: ◌ํ (alone) ◌ฺ, ◌๎