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===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|lăngʹgwĭj}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/}}
* {{enPR|lăngʹgwĭj}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/}}
** {{a|GA|CA}} {{IPA|en|[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]|qual1=see [[w:/æ/ raising|/æ/ raising]]}}
** {{IPA|en|[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]|q1=see [[w:/æ/ raising|/æ/ raising]]|a=GA,CA}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-language.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-language.ogg|a=US}}
⚫
* {{rhymes|en|æŋɡwɪdʒ|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|en|lan|guage}}
* {{hyphenation|en|lan|guage}}
⚫
* {{rhymes|en|æŋɡwɪdʒ|s=2}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|langage}}, {{m|enm|language}}, from {{der|en|fro|language}}, from {{der|en|VL.|*linguāticum}}, from {{der|en|la|lingua||tongue, speech, language}}, from {{der|en|itc-ola|dingua||tongue}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s||tongue, speech, language}}. Displaced native {{noncog|ang|ġeþēode}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|langage}}, {{m|enm|language}}, from {{der|en|fro|language}}, from {{der|en|VL.|*linguāticum}}, from {{der|en|la|lingua||tongue, speech, language}}, from {{der|en|itc-ola|dingua||tongue}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s||tongue, speech, language}}. {{doublet|en|langaj}}. Displaced native {{noncog|ang|ġeþēode}}.


====Noun ====
====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}
{{en-noun|~}}
{{examples|
{{examples|
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{{wikipedia}}
{{wikipedia}}


# {{lb|en|countable}} A [[body]] of [[word]]s, and set of methods of combining them (called a [[grammar]]), understood by a [[community]] and used as a form of [[communication]].
# {{senseid|en|Q315}}{{lb|en|countable}} A [[body]] of [[word]]s, and set of methods of combining them (called a [[grammar]]), understood by a [[community]] and used as a form of [[communication]].
#: {{ux|en|The English '''language''' and the German '''language''' are related.}}
#: {{ux|en|The English '''language''' and the German '''language''' are related.}}
#: {{ux|en|Deaf and mute people communicate using '''languages''' like [[ASL]].}}
#: {{ux|en|Deaf and mute people communicate using '''languages''' like [[ASL]].}}
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# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The ability to communicate using words.
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The ability to communicate using words.
#: {{ux|en|the gift of '''language'''}}
#: {{ux|en|the gift of '''language'''}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=1981|author=William Irwin Thompson|authorlink=William Irwin Thompson|title=The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture|publisher=Rider/Hutchinson & Co.|location=London|page=15|passage='''Language''' is the articulation of the limited to express the unlimited; it is the ultimate mystery which is the image of God, for in breaking up infinity to create finite beings, God has found a way to let the limited being yet be a reflection of His unlimited Being.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=1981|author=w:William Irwin Thompson|title=The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture|publisher=Rider/Hutchinson & Co.|location=London|page=15|passage='''Language''' is the articulation of the limited to express the unlimited; it is the ultimate mystery which is the image of God, for in breaking up infinity to create finite beings, God has found a way to let the limited being yet be a reflection of His unlimited Being.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} A [[sublanguage]]: the [[slang]] of a [[particular]] [[community]] or [[jargon]] of a [[particular]] [[specialist]] [[field]].
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} A [[sublanguage]]: the [[slang]] of a [[particular]] [[community]] or [[jargon]] of a [[particular]] [[specialist]] [[field]].
#* {{RQ:Besant Ivory Gate|chapter=Prologue|passage=Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer '''language''', he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.}}
#* {{RQ:Besant Ivory Gate|chapter=Prologue|passage=Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer '''language''', he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.}}
#* {{RQ:Fry Liar|page=35|passage=And ‘[[blub]]bing’... [[blub|Blub]]bing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new '''language''' to start up. Nineteen-twenties schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.}}
#* {{RQ:Fry Liar|page=24|passage=And ‘[[blub]]bing’ . . . [[blub|Blub]]bing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new '''language''' to start up. 1920s schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.}}
#: {{ux|en|legal '''language''';   the '''language''' of chemistry}}
#: {{ux|en|legal '''language''';   the '''language''' of chemistry}}
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable|figurative}} The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable|figurative}} The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
#: {{ux|en|body '''language''';   the '''language''' of the eyes}}
#: {{ux|en|body '''language''';   the '''language''' of the eyes}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2001|author=Eugene C. Kennedy|author2=Sara C. Charles|title=On Becoming a Counselor|isbn=0824519132
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2001|author=Eugene C. Kennedy; Sara C. Charles|title=On Becoming a Counselor|isbn=0824519132
|passage=A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal '''languages''' of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.}}
|passage=A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal '''languages''' of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=2005|author=Sean Dooley|authorlink=Sean Dooley|title=The Big Twitch|publisher=Allen and Unwin|location=Sydney|page=231|passage=Birding had become like that for me. It is a '''language''' that, once learnt, I have been unable to unlearn.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=2005|author=w:Sean Dooley|title=The Big Twitch|publisher=Allen and Unwin|location=Sydney|page=231|passage=Birding had become like that for me. It is a '''language''' that, once learnt, I have been unable to unlearn.}}
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1983|title=The Listener|volume=110|page=14
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1983|title=The Listener|volume=110|page=14
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|passage=In fact pointers are called references in these '''languages''' to distinguish them from pointers in '''languages''' like C and C++.}}
|passage=In fact pointers are called references in these '''languages''' to distinguish them from pointers in '''languages''' like C and C++.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[manner|Manner]] of [[expression]].
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[manner|Manner]] of [[expression]].
#* '''1782''', {{w|William Cowper}}, ''Hope''
#* {{RQ:Cowper Hope}}
#*: Their '''language''' simple, as their manners meek, {{...}}
#*: Their '''language''' simple, as their manners meek, {{...}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The particular words used in a [[speech]] or a [[passage]] of [[text]].
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The particular words used in a [[speech]] or a [[passage]] of [[text]].
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=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en
{{der4|en
|A language|AB language|abstract language|aspect-oriented language|aspect-oriented programming language|assembly language|B language|C language|child language|class-based language|classical language|clean language|Community language|community language|conditional assembly language|contact language|context-free language|curly-brace language|curly-braces language|curly-bracket language|daughter language|delegation language|domain-specific language|dynamic language|e-language learning|esoteric programming language|expressive language|first language|ghost language|good language|heritage language|high-level language|home language|imperative language|indexing language|intermediate language|international auxiliary language|Iranian language|Iranic language|killer language|language area|language arts|language assimilation|language assistant|language contact|language continuum|language ecology|language exchange|language game|language island|language isolate|language nest|language replacement|language swap|language-agnostic|language-independent|large language model|link-language|lip language|liturgical language|loaded language|love language|low-level language|macro language|markup language|matrix language|mini-language|mixed language|moon language|mother language|native language|natural language processing|natural language understanding|null-subject language|object-based language|object-oriented language|official language|Oïl language|pandanus language|parent language|people-first language|private language argument|private language problem|private language thesis|pro-drop language|proto-language|prototype-based language|query language|receptive language|reconstructed language|regular language|role-oriented language|Romance language|second language|sleeping language|source language|specific language impairment|static language|statically-typed language|strong language|style sheet language|Sydney language|symbolic language|systems language|unparliamentary language|ur-language|village sign language|visual language|visual programming language|watch one's language|Western Desert language|whole language|wooden language
|A language|AB language|abstract language|a language is a dialect with an army and navy|aspect-oriented language|aspect-oriented programming language|assembly language|B language|C language|child language|class-based language|classical language|clean language|Community language|community language|conditional assembly language|contact language|context-free language|curly-brace language|curly-braces language|curly-bracket language|daughter language|delegation language|domain-specific language|dynamic language|e-language learning|esoteric programming language|expressive language|first language|ghost language|good language|heritage language|high-level language|home language|imperative language|indexing language|intermediate language|international auxiliary language|Iranian language|Iranic language|killer language|language area|language arts|language assimilation|language assistant|language contact|language continuum|language ecology|language exchange|language game|language island|language isolate|language nest|language replacement|language swap|language-agnostic|language-independent|large language model|link-language|lip language|liturgical language|loaded language|love language|low-level language|macro language|markup language|matrix language|mini-language|mixed language|moon language|mother language|native language|natural language processing|natural language understanding|null-subject language|language cops|altlang|antilanguage|artlang|Auslan|auxlang|bilanguage|camouflanguage|colanguage|conlang|counterlanguage|cryptolanguage|cyberlanguage|engelang|epilanguage|languagehood|languageless|languagelike|languager|languagescape|languagey|languagism|languagist|languist|languoid|loglang|macrolanguage|metalanguage|minilanguage|multilanguage|natlang|nonlanguage|paralanguage|prelanguage|pseudolanguage|Scala|semilanguage|slanguage|translanguage|urlanguage|language resource|spurious language|object-based language|object-oriented language|official language|Oïl language|pandanus language|parent language|people-first language|private language argument|private language problem|private language thesis|pro-drop language|proto-language|prototype-based language|query language|receptive language|reconstructed language|regular language|role-oriented language|Romance language|second language|sleeping language|source language|specific language impairment|static language|statically-typed language|strong language|style sheet language|Sydney language|symbolic language|systems language|unparliamentary language|ur-language|village sign language|visual language|visual programming language|watch one's language|Western Desert language|whole language|wooden language|assembler language|design language|Dyck language|equity language|hand language|language border|language organ|language proficiency|ordinary language philosophy|sister language|twilight language|unit of language
|English-language|cache language model|language analysis for the determination of origin|language assessment|language delay|language education|language server|language survey|native-language identification|ordinary language|second-language acquisition|statistical language acquisition|third language acquisition
|English-language
|German-language
|German-language
|interlanguage
|interlanguage
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|language processing
|language processing
|language school
|language school
|language shift|language branch|language learner|language learning|language script|trade language
|language shift
|language technology
|language technology
|language transfer
|language transfer
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# {{lb|en|rare|now|nonstandard|or|technical}} To [[communicate]] by language; to [[express]] in language.
# {{lb|en|rare|now|nonstandard|or|technical}} To [[communicate]] by language; to [[express]] in language.
#* {{RQ:Fuller Church History}}
#* {{RQ:Fuller Church History
#*: Others were '''languaged''' in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.
|passage=Others were '''languaged''' in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.}}


====Interjection====
====Interjection====
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# {{n-g|An admonishment said in response to vulgar language.}}
# {{n-g|An admonishment said in response to vulgar language.}}
#:{{usex|en|You're a pile of shit!<br>Hey! '''Language!'''}}
#: {{usex|en|You're a pile of shit!<br>Hey! '''Language!'''}}


====See also====
====See also====
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# A [[languet]], a flat plate in or below the flue [[pipe]] of an [[organ]].
# A [[languet]], a flat plate in or below the flue [[pipe]] of an [[organ]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1896|isbn=https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/language&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiOs9b7sr37AhXupYsKHVKLAGQQtwJ6BAgKEAE&usg=AOvVaw1OmKaOIJypIt-O47wFghBx|author=William Horatio Clarke|title=The Organist's Retrospect|page=79|passage=A flue-pipe is one in which the air passes through the throat, or flue, which is the narrow, longitudinal aperture between the lower lip and the tongue, or '''language'''. {{...}} The '''language''' is adjusted by slightly elevating or depressing it, {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1896|author=William Horatio Clarke|title=The Organist's Retrospect|page=79|passage=A flue-pipe is one in which the air passes through the throat, or flue, which is the narrow, longitudinal aperture between the lower lip and the tongue, or '''language'''. {{...}} The '''language''' is adjusted by slightly elevating or depressing it, {{...}}}}


===References===
===References===
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|fro|la}}
From {{inh|fro|VL.|*linguāticum}}, from Classical {{inh|fro|la|lingua||tongue, language}}.
{{inh+|fro|VL.|*linguāticum}}. Attested in the {{w|lang=fr|Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)|''Passion''}}.<ref>{{R:fr:TLFi|langage}}</ref> Derivable from {{af|fro|langue|-age}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|archaic}} {{IPA|fro|/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/}}
* {{IPA|fro|/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/|a=archaic}}
* {{a|classical}} {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/}}
* {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/|a=classical}}
* {{a|late}} {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡaʒə/}}
* {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡaʒə/|a=late}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
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# [[language#English|language]] (style of communicating)
# [[language#English|language]] (style of communicating)

====Related terms====
* {{l|fro|langue}}, {{l|fro|lingue}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
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* {{desc|fur|lengaç|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|lengaç|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lld|lingaz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lld|lingaz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ML.|linguāgium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rm|linguatg|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|rm|linguatg|bor=1|alts=1}}


===References===
[[Category:fro:Languages]]
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 11:59, 10 August 2024

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English langage, language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). Doublet of langaj. Displaced native Old English ġeþēode.

Noun

language (countable and uncountable, plural languages)

Examples

The English Wiktionary uses the English language to define words from all of the world's languages.


This person is saying "hello" in American sign language.

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  2. (countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
    The English language and the German language are related.
    Deaf and mute people communicate using languages like ASL.
    • 1867, Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe, quoted in 1983 in History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907 →ISBN, page 240:
      Hence the natural language of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a language, capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
    • 1900, William Beckford, The History of the Caliph Vathek, page 50:
      No language could express his rage and despair.
    • 2000, Geary Hobson, The Last of the Ofos, →ISBN, page 113:
      Mr. Darko, generally acknowledged to be the last surviving member of the Ofo Tribe, was also the last remaining speaker of the tribe's language.
  3. (uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.
    the gift of language
    • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 15:
      Language is the articulation of the limited to express the unlimited; it is the ultimate mystery which is the image of God, for in breaking up infinity to create finite beings, God has found a way to let the limited being yet be a reflection of His unlimited Being.
  4. (uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
    • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
      Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.
    • 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section II, page 24:
      And ‘blubbing’ . . . Blubbing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new language to start up. 1920s schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.
    legal language;   the language of chemistry
  5. (countable, uncountable, figurative) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
    body language;   the language of the eyes
    • 2001, Eugene C. Kennedy, Sara C. Charles, On Becoming a Counselor, →ISBN:
      A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal languages of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.
    • 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 231:
      Birding had become like that for me. It is a language that, once learnt, I have been unable to unlearn.
  6. (countable, uncountable) A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
    • 1983, The Listener, volume 110, page 14:
      A more likely hypothesis was that the attacked leaves were transmitting some airborne chemical signal to sound the alarm, rather like insects sending out warnings […] But this is the first time that a plant-to-plant language has been detected.
    • 2009, Animals in Translation, page 274:
      Prairie dogs use their language to refer to real dangers in the real world, so it definitely has meaning.
  7. (computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
    • 2015, Kent D. Lee, Foundations of Programming Languages, →ISBN, page 94:
      In fact pointers are called references in these languages to distinguish them from pointers in languages like C and C++.
  8. (uncountable) Manner of expression.
    • 1782, William Cowper, Hope
      Their language simple, as their manners meek, […]
  9. (uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.
    The language used in the law does not permit any other interpretation.
    The language he used to talk to me was obscene.
  10. (uncountable) Profanity.
    • 1978, James Carroll, Mortal Friends, →ISBN, page 500:
      "Where the hell is Horace?" ¶ "There he is. He's coming. You shouldn't use language."
Synonyms
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
linguistics: Hyponyms of language (kinds)
linguistics: Hyponyms of language (types)
Derived terms
Translations
See language/translations § Noun.

Verb

language (third-person singular simple present languages, present participle languaging, simple past and past participle languaged)

  1. (rare, now nonstandard or technical) To communicate by language; to express in language.
    • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
      Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

Interjection

language

  1. An admonishment said in response to vulgar language.
    You're a pile of shit!
    Hey! Language!

See also

Etymology 2

Alteration of languet.

Noun

language (plural languages)

  1. A languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ.
    • 1896, William Horatio Clarke, The Organist's Retrospect, page 79:
      A flue-pipe is one in which the air passes through the throat, or flue, which is the narrow, longitudinal aperture between the lower lip and the tongue, or language. […] The language is adjusted by slightly elevating or depressing it, […]

References

French

Noun

language m (plural languages)

  1. Archaic spelling of langage.

Middle English

Noun

language (plural languages)

  1. Alternative form of langage

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French language.

Noun

language m (plural languages)

  1. language (style of communicating)

Descendants

  • French: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)
    • Haitian Creole: langaj
    • Mauritian Creole: langaz
    • Louisiana Creole: langaj
    • → Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)

Old French

Alternative forms

alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum. Attested in the Passion.[1] Derivable from langue +‎ -age.

Pronunciation

Noun

language oblique singular, f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)

  1. language (style of communicating)

Descendants

Borrowings: (some possibly from O.Occitan lenguatge instead)

References

  1. ^ “langage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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