Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-s f

1. Derives feminine mobile-accented root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-s
genitive	*(Ø)-és
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-s	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-es
vocative	*(é)-	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-es
accusative	*(é)-m̥	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-m̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-és	*?	*(Ø)-óHom
ablative	*(Ø)-és	*?	*(Ø)-mós, *(Ø)-bʰós
dative	*(Ø)-éy	*?	*(Ø)-mós, *(Ø)-bʰós
locative	*(é)-, *(é)-i	*?	*(Ø)-sú
instrumental	*(Ø)-éh₁	*?	*(Ø)-mís, *(Ø)-bʰís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)

Suffix

*(ó)-s f

1. Derives feminine acrostatic root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*(ó)-s
genitive	*(é)-s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(ó)-s	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-es
vocative	*(ó)-	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-es
accusative	*(ó)-m̥	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-m̥s
genitive	*(é)-s	*?	*(é)-oHom
ablative	*(é)-s	*?	*(é)-mos, *(é)-bʰos
dative	*(é)-ey	*?	*(é)-mos, *(é)-bʰos
locative	*(é)-, *(é)-i	*?	*(é)-su
instrumental	*(é)-h₁	*?	*(é)-mis, *(é)-bʰis

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (acrostatic)

Suffix

*(ḗ)-s n

1. Derives neuter Narten-type acrostatic root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*(ḗ)-s
genitive	*(é)-os
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(ḗ)-s	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-es
vocative	*(é)-	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-es
accusative	*(é)-m̥	*(é)-h₁(e)	*(é)-m̥s
genitive	*(é)-os	*?	*(é)-ooHom
ablative	*(é)-os	*?	*(é)-omos, *(é)-obʰos
dative	*(é)-oey	*?	*(é)-omos, *(é)-obʰos
locative	*(é)-o, *(é)-oy	*?	*(é)-osu
instrumental	*(é)-oh₁	*?	*(é)-omis, *(é)-obʰis

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (lengthened acrostatic)

Suffix

*(ṓ)-s m

1. Derives masculine acrostatic root nouns with lengthened o-grade nominative singular from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*(ṓ)-s
genitive	*(e)-és
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(ṓ)-s	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-es
vocative	*(ó)-	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-es
accusative	*(ó)-m̥	*(ó)-h₁(e)	*(ó)-m̥s
genitive	*(e)-és	*?	*(e)-óHom
ablative	*(e)-és	*?	*(e)-mós, *(e)-bʰós
dative	*(e)-éy	*?	*(e)-mós, *(e)-bʰós
locative	*(ó)-, *(ó)-i	*?	*(e)-sú
instrumental	*(e)-éh₁	*?	*(e)-mís, *(e)-bʰís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (amphikinetic)

Descendants

• Ancient Greek: -ς (-s)
• Latin: -s