ma-
Basque
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably related to m-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Non-productive prefix without a specific meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]In words where this prefix can be found, it takes the place of the first syllable of the original word, usually with no change in meaning (compare udare and madari, both meaning "pear"). It is likely that originally this was an expressive prefix, and that many Basque words starting with ma- contain this prefix, with the original word having been lost.
References
[edit]- “ma-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Bikol Central
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
- to form the future tense of the verb.
Cebuano
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Used to form the future tense of a verb
Hausa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate to the set of prefixes found in Arabic: مُ (mu) for agentive participles, مَ (ma) for locatives, and مِ (mi) for instrumentals.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Used to form agentive nouns.
- Used to form nouns of place (locative nouns).
- Used to form instrumental nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]Each prefix forms a different template to which the noun must conform:
- Agentive nouns end in -ī in the masculine singular, -ìyā in the feminine singular, and -ā in the plural, and the root has low tone in the masculine and plural, but high tone in the feminine.
- Locative nouns end in -ā and are feminine, or uncommonly in -ī and are masculine, with all high tone in either case. There is rarely a plural form.
- Instrumental nouns end in -ī and are masculine, with plurals in -ai. The tones of the singular form are all high, and in the plural the tones are all low except for the plural morpheme.
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]ma-
Kambera
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ma-
- first person plural exclusive nominative proclitic
See also
[edit]Kongo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- class 6 prefix
Maori
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Adjective prefix
Northern Sotho
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Old Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- active verb
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Pitjantjatjara
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- away (prefixed to verbs)
Usage notes
[edit]- The hyphen is normally kept, for example, ma-pitjanyi.
- Although ma- is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (maa-). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
Shona
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Sotho
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Swahili
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- me- (before i and e)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- ma class(VI) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mass nouns and plurals of a variety of classes
- maji machafu ― dirty water
- forms plurals of ji class(V) nouns
- forms plurals of some u class(XI) nouns
- forms collectives of n class(IX) nouns
See also
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma- (stative prefix). Compare may (existential marker).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ma/ [mɐ]
- Syllabification: ma-
Prefix
[edit]ma- (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix
- object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
- ma- + basag (“break, crack”) → mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)
- Nabasag ko ang salamin. ― I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -in:
- basag (“break, crack”) + -in → basagin (“to break something on purpose”)
- Binasag ko ang salamin. ― I broke the mirror on purpose.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *ma- (future prefix).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈma/ [ˈmaː]
- Syllabification: ma-
Prefix
[edit]má- (Baybayin spelling ᜋ) (dialectal)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ma-”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Anagrams
[edit]Tausug
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Used to form adjectives and adverbs; characterized by; abundant in
Derived terms
[edit]Ternate
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ma- (Jawi م-)
- (non-human) third-person singular and plural possessive prefix, its, their
- indicates definiteness
- haka ngori maobo ― give me the bone (literally, “give me its bone”)
- mangofa hotu ― the child sleeps (literally, “its child sleeps”)
See also
[edit]independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma- (Jawi م-)
- marks certain verbal aspects
Etymology 3
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma- (Jawi م-)
- reflexive
References
[edit]- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tsonga
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Tswana
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Venda
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
West Makian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- a prefix of unclear meaning
Usage notes
[edit]The prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ma-
- first-person plural inclusive clitic, we
- moco ― we see
Usage notes
[edit]The prefix ma- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ma-
- (animate) third-person singular clitic for stative verbs, it
- madadi sangaji ― he became a chief
- di oma ma makaku i ― their child is still small
Usage notes
[edit]This clitic is only for stative verbs and does not undergo vowel harmony.
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ma-
Usage notes
[edit]The possessive prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative forms
[edit]See also
[edit]independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ma-
- forms adverbial numerals
References
[edit]- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).
Prefix
[edit]ma-
Usage notes
[edit]The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
Prefix
[edit]ma-
- Class 6 simple noun prefix.
Etymology 2
[edit]From a clipping of make (“hortative marker”).
Prefix
[edit]ma-
Usage notes
[edit]The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
Alternative forms
[edit]References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ma-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma-”
- Basque lemmas
- Basque prefixes
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central prefixes
- Bikol Central terms with usage examples
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano prefixes
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa prefixes
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Kongo terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Kongo lemmas
- Kongo prefixes
- Maori lemmas
- Maori prefixes
- Northern Sotho terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Sotho terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Sotho lemmas
- Northern Sotho prefixes
- Northern Sotho noun prefixes
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese prefixes
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara prefixes
- Shona terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Shona terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Shona lemmas
- Shona prefixes
- Shona noun prefixes
- Sotho terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Sotho terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Sotho lemmas
- Sotho prefixes
- Sotho noun prefixes
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili terms with usage examples
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
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- Tagalog dialectal terms
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug prefixes
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate pronouns
- Ternate terms with usage examples
- Ternate prefixes
- Ternate possessive pronouns
- Tsonga terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tsonga terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tsonga lemmas
- Tsonga prefixes
- Tsonga noun prefixes
- Tswana terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana lemmas
- Tswana prefixes
- Tswana noun prefixes
- Venda terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Venda terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Venda lemmas
- Venda prefixes
- Venda noun prefixes
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian prefixes
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa terms with usage examples
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu simple noun prefixes
- Zulu terms with usage examples