aicher
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French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]aicher
- Alternative form of escher
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of aicher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | aicher | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | aichant /ɛ.ʃɑ̃/ or /e.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | aiché /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
imperfect | aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichait /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/ |
aichaient /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ | |
past historic2 | aichai /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
aichas /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aicha /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aichâmes /ɛ.ʃam/ or /e.ʃam/ |
aichâtes /ɛ.ʃat/ or /e.ʃat/ |
aichèrent /ɛ.ʃɛʁ/ or /e.ʃɛʁ/ | |
future | aicherai /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheras /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aichera /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aicherons /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
aicherez /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheront /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherait /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherions /ɛ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
aicheriez /ɛ.ʃə.ʁje/ or /e.ʃə.ʁje/ |
aicheraient /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
imperfect2 | aichasse /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ |
aichasses /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ |
aichât /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aichassions /ɛ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
aichassiez /ɛ.ʃa.sje/ or /e.ʃa.sje/ |
aichassent /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
— | aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowing from Latin ācer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]aicher
- sharp, fierce, (of the wind) bitter
- 9th century, “Is acher in gaíth in-nocht...”
- IS acher ingáith innocht · fufuasna fairggæ findḟolt
ni ágor réimm mora minn · dondláechraid lainn ua lothlind.- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Lothlend.
- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
- 9th century, “Is acher in gaíth in-nocht...”
Declension
[edit]o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | aicher | aicher | aicher |
Vocative | aichir* aicher** | ||
Accusative | aicher | aichir | |
Genitive | aichir | aichre | aichir |
Dative | aichiur | aichir | aichiur |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | aichir | aichrea | |
Vocative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
Accusative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
Genitive | aicher | ||
Dative | aichrib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Descendants
[edit]- Irish: aichear
Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
aicher (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-aicher |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aicher”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scots
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Scots echer, from Northumbrian Old English æhher, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with English ear.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]aicher (plural aichers)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “aicher, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
- Eagle, Andy, editor (2024), “aicher”, in The Online Scots Dictionary[1]
Categories:
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-
- Old Irish terms borrowed from Latin
- Old Irish terms derived from Latin
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives
- Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots
- Scots terms derived from Middle Scots
- Scots terms inherited from Northumbrian Old English
- Scots terms derived from Northumbrian Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots nouns
- Orkney Scots
- Caithness Scots