apartheid
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation, strictly) IPA(key): /əˈpɑːtheɪt/, /əˈpɑːthaɪt/
- (US, strictly) enPR: ə-pärtʹhāt, ə-pärtʹhīt, IPA(key): /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/, /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/
- Note: the h is very often not pronounced because of the difficulty of following /t/ with /h/, but the sequence is not pronounced as the digraph th (/ð/, /θ/).
- (US, laxly) enPR: ə-pärʹtīd, IPA(key): /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/
Noun
[edit]apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)
- (South Africa, historical) The policy of racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990.
- Synonym: plural relations
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, pages 127-128:
- The premise of apartheid was that whites were superior to Africans, Coloureds and Indians, and the function of it was to entrench white supremacy forever.
- (by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation/segregation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.
- The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.
- 1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267):
- When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .
- (by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.
- 2008, Peter Hewitt, Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency, →ISBN, page 64:
- Fifteen minutes drive to the Brown Trout was guaranteed to satisfy my appetite because there, as with other clubs and hotel bars, a form of sex apartheid was practised. The males assembled in the region of the bar and the opposite gender either sat discreetly detached or strayed outside to gossip gaily among themselves.
- 2009, Moorthy Muthuswamy, Defeating Political Islam: The New Cold War, →ISBN, page 120:
- In these annual reports, the religious apartheid practices in India are not mentioned at all.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:apartheid.
Verb
[edit]apartheid (third-person singular simple present apartheids, present participle apartheiding, simple past and past participle apartheided)
- To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.
- 1986, Stanlake John Thompson Samkange, On Trial for that U.D.I.: A Novel, page 79:
- Yes, apartheiding the apartheiders, is what the rest of the world is doing.
- 1989, Instauration - Volumes 15-16, page 36:
- Whatever the reason the blacks have for "apartheiding" Boston, whites should be all for it.
- 2003, Mayur K. Lakhani, A Celebration of General Practice, →ISBN, page 183:
- The most deadly of all ghosts are wandering over Britain and medicine, apartheiding people into superiors and nonentities.
- 2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, →ISBN, page 151:
- Speaking of the resulting apartheiding of British Columbia, Cole Harris observed, "racism was built into the landscape of settlement."
- 2011, Timothy J. Stanley, Contesting White Supremacy, →ISBN, page 64:
- By 1922, the apartheiding of British Columbia was cemented into a public and private English-language discourse that took for granted how and where one racialized body was placed in relation to another, and in turn how each related to the state system.
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- anti-apartheidism
- anti-apartheidist
- apartheid anthem
- apartheider
- apartheidesque
- apartheid flag
- apartheidic
- apartheidisation
- apartheidish
- apartheidism
- apartheidist
- apartheidistic
- apartheidization
- apartheidize
- apartheidlike
- apartheidness
- ecoapartheid
- eco-apartheid
- grand apartheid
- petty apartheid
- postapartheid
- preapartheid
Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
|
|
|
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid (uncountable)
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From apart (“separate, apart”) + -heid (“-hood”).
Noun
[edit]apartheid f (plural apartheden, diminutive apartheidje n)
- the state of being separate; separateness
- a characteristic that sets something or someone apart
Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: apartheid
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.
Noun
[edit]apartheid f (uncountable)
- the policy of racial separation used in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; apartheid
- (by extension) any similar policy of racial separation
- 2007 December 13, “Prins Claus en de NCO”, in Andere Tijden: VPRO:
- In januari 1972 komt een subsidieaanvraag binnen van het Angola Comité voor een boycotactie van koffie afkomstig uit Angola. Het land is in die tijd een provincie van Portugal, dat hardnekkig weigert de voormalige kolonie op te geven. De actie is tegen kolonialisme, rassendiscriminatie en apartheid.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid
Declension
[edit]Inflection of apartheid (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | apartheid | apartheidit | |
genitive | apartheidin | apartheidien | |
partitive | apartheidia | apartheideja | |
illative | apartheidiin | apartheideihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | apartheid | apartheidit | |
accusative | nom. | apartheid | apartheidit |
gen. | apartheidin | ||
genitive | apartheidin | apartheidien | |
partitive | apartheidia | apartheideja | |
inessive | apartheidissa | apartheideissa | |
elative | apartheidista | apartheideista | |
illative | apartheidiin | apartheideihin | |
adessive | apartheidilla | apartheideilla | |
ablative | apartheidilta | apartheideilta | |
allative | apartheidille | apartheideille | |
essive | apartheidina | apartheideina | |
translative | apartheidiksi | apartheideiksi | |
abessive | apartheiditta | apartheideitta | |
instructive | — | apartheidein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “apartheid”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid m (plural apartheid)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Synonyms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]aparthéid (first-person possessive apartheidku, second-person possessive apartheidmu, third-person possessive apartheidnya)
- (historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.
Alternative forms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “apartheid” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /a.parˈtajd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtɛjd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtejd/[1]
- Rhymes: -ajd, (careful style) -ɛjd, (careful style) -ejd
Noun
[edit]apartheid m (invariable)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
References
[edit]- ^ apartheid in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Further reading
[edit]- apartheid in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)
References
[edit]- “apartheid” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “apartheid” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)
References
[edit]- “apartheid” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /aˈpart.xajt/, /aˈpart.xɛjt/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -artxajt, -artxɛjt
- Syllabification: a‧part‧heid
Noun
[edit]apartheid m inan
- (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
nominative | apartheid |
genitive | apartheidu |
dative | apartheidowi |
accusative | apartheid |
instrumental | apartheidem |
locative | apartheidzie |
vocative | apartheidzie |
Further reading
[edit]- apartheid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- apartheid in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- apartheid in PWN's encyclopedia
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.pahˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.paɾˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɾˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paɾˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɾˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paɾˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paɾˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paχˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paχˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paχˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.paɻˈtaj.de/ [a.paɻˈtaɪ̯.de], /a.paɻˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paɻˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ], /a.paɻˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɻˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi]
- Hyphenation: apar‧theid
Noun
[edit]apartheid m (plural apartheids)
- (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid.
Noun
[edit]apartheid n (uncountable)
Declension
[edit]singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) apartheid | apartheidul |
genitive/dative | (unui) apartheid | apartheidului |
vocative | apartheidule |
Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid m inan (genitive singular apartheidu, nominative plural apartheidy, genitive plural apartheidov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | apartheid | apartheidy |
genitive | apartheidu | apartheidov |
dative | apartheidu | apartheidom |
accusative | apartheid | apartheidy |
locative | apartheide | apartheidoch |
instrumental | apartheidom | apartheidmi |
References
[edit]- “apartheid”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid m (plural apartheids or apartheid)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Usage notes
[edit]According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading
[edit]- “apartheid”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- “apartheid” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]apartheid c
- (South africa, historical) apartheid
- (by extension) apartheid (more generally)
Declension
[edit]Declension of apartheid | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | apartheid | apartheiden | — | — |
Genitive | apartheids | apartheidens | — | — |
References
[edit]- English terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- English terms derived from Afrikaans
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- South African English
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- en:History of Africa
- en:Racism
- en:South African politics
- English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Afrikaans uncountable nouns
- af:South African politics
- af:Racism
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch terms suffixed with -heid
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Dutch terms derived from Afrikaans
- Dutch terms borrowed back into Dutch
- Dutch uncountable nouns
- Dutch terms with quotations
- Finnish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- French terms derived from Afrikaans
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:History
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Indonesian unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Indonesian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Indonesian terms with historical senses
- Italian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Italian unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Italian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Italian 3-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ajd
- Rhymes:Italian/ajd/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛjd
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛjd/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Italian/ejd
- Rhymes:Italian/ejd/3 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- it:History
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Afrikaans
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Afrikaans
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Polish terms derived from Dutch
- Polish terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Polish unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Polish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/artxajt
- Rhymes:Polish/artxajt/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Polish/artxɛjt
- Rhymes:Polish/artxɛjt/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish singularia tantum
- pl:Racism
- pl:South Africa
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Portuguese terms derived from Afrikaans
- Portuguese terms derived from Dutch
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms with historical senses
- Romanian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Romanian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak masculine nouns
- Slovak inanimate nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Spanish unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Spanish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eid
- Rhymes:Spanish/eid/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish nouns with multiple plurals
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:History
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with historical senses