invideo

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Latin

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Etymology

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From in- (after) +‎ videō (see, observe; understand). The meaning developed from “look back at” to “look askance at” to “envy”.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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invideō (present infinitive invidēre, perfect active invīdī, supine invīsum); second conjugation

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to look askance or maliciously at, cast an evil eye upon
  2. (figuratively) to be prejudiced against someone or influenced by prejudice
    1. (by extension) to be unwilling or loath; begrudge; refuse, deny; hinder, prevent
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.232–234:
        “Sī nūlla accendit tantārum glōria rērum,
        nec super ipse suā mōlītur laude labōrem,
        Ascaniōne pater Rōmānās invidet arcēs?”
        “If no renown of such storied deeds enkindles [Aeneas], nor — above all — for his own fame is he himself making an effort, will he, the father, begrudge Ascanius the fortresses of Rome?”
        (Jupiter criticizes Aeneas for a dereliction of pietas.)
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.154–157:
        hoc tamen amborum verbis estote rogati,
        o multum miseri meus illiusque parentes,
        ut, quos certus amor, quos hora novissima iunxit,
        conponi tumulo non invideatis eodem
        Wretched parents of Pyramus and Thisbe, listen to us,
        Listen to both our prayers, do not begrudge us,
        Whom death has joined, Iying at last together
        In the same tomb.
    2. (by extension) to envy; emulate, aspire to rival
      Synonym: aemulor
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.657–659:
        barbarus invidit tantique ut muneris auctor
        ipse sit, hospitio recipit somnoque gravatum
        adgreditur ferro
        The barbarian envies him; and that he himself may be deemed the author of so great a benefit,
        he receives him with hospitality, and, when overpowered with sleep,
        he attacks him with the sword.
      • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.28.22:
        Vir, quī festīnat dītārī, et aliīs invidet, ignōrat quod egestās superveniet eī.
        • 1752 translation by Douay-Rheims, Challoner rev.
          A man, that maketh haste to be rich, and envieth others, is ignorant that poverty shall come upon him.

Usage notes

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Used in the following constructions: (1) can use the accusative with things or the dative with persons; and (2) can use the dative with the person or thing that causes envy; or the dative and/or ablative.

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of invideō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present invideō invidēs invidet invidēmus invidētis invident
imperfect invidēbam invidēbās invidēbat invidēbāmus invidēbātis invidēbant
future invidēbō invidēbis invidēbit invidēbimus invidēbitis invidēbunt
perfect invīdī invīdistī invīdit invīdimus invīdistis invīdērunt,
invīdēre
pluperfect invīderam invīderās invīderat invīderāmus invīderātis invīderant
future perfect invīderō invīderis invīderit invīderimus invīderitis invīderint
passive present invideor invidēris,
invidēre
invidētur invidēmur invidēminī invidentur
imperfect invidēbar invidēbāris,
invidēbāre
invidēbātur invidēbāmur invidēbāminī invidēbantur
future invidēbor invidēberis,
invidēbere
invidēbitur invidēbimur invidēbiminī invidēbuntur
perfect invīsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect invīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect invīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present invideam invideās invideat invideāmus invideātis invideant
imperfect invidērem invidērēs invidēret invidērēmus invidērētis invidērent
perfect invīderim invīderīs invīderit invīderīmus invīderītis invīderint
pluperfect invīdissem invīdissēs invīdisset invīdissēmus invīdissētis invīdissent
passive present invidear invideāris,
invideāre
invideātur invideāmur invideāminī invideantur
imperfect invidērer invidērēris,
invidērēre
invidērētur invidērēmur invidērēminī invidērentur
perfect invīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect invīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present invidē invidēte
future invidētō invidētō invidētōte invidentō
passive present invidēre invidēminī
future invidētor invidētor invidentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives invidēre invīdisse invīsūrum esse invidērī invīsum esse invīsum īrī
participles invidēns invīsūrus invīsus invidendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
invidendī invidendō invidendum invidendō invīsum invīsū

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 243

Further reading

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