rub
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną (“to tear”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).[1] More at reave.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /ɹʌb/, enPR: rŭb
- (Northern England, Ireland) IPA(key): /ɹʊb/
- Rhymes: -ʌb
Noun
[edit]rub (plural rubs)
- An act of rubbing.
- Give that lamp a good rub and see if any genies come out.
- A difficulty or problem.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- To die, to sleep— / To sleep—perchance to dream. Ay, there's the rub! / For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, / When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, / Must give us pause
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 16]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
- […] the propriety of the cabman's shelter, as it was called, hardly a stonesthrow away near Butt bridge where they might hit upon some drinkables in the shape of a milk and soda or a mineral. But how to get there was the rub.
- 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:
- 'My dear Devereux, I say, you mustn't talk in that wild way. You—you talk like a ruined man!'
'And I so comfortable!'
'Why, to be sure, Dick, you have had some little rubs, and, maybe, your follies and your vexations; but, hang it, you are young; you can't get experience—at least, so I've found it—without paying for it. […] '
- (archaic) A quip or sarcastic remark.
- In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course.
- Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing.
- a heat rub intended for muscular strains
- (UK, naval slang) A loan.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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Verb
[edit]rub (third-person singular simple present rubs, present participle rubbing, simple past and past participle rubbed)
- (transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.
- I rubbed the cloth over the glass.
- The cat rubbed itself against my leg.
- I rubbed my hands together for warmth.
- 1680, T. K., The Kitchin-Phyſician; Or, a Guide for Good-Housewives in Maintaining Their Families in Health. […] [1], How to cleanſe the Teeth, and keep them ſound, page 44:
- You ſhould rub your Teeth and whole Mouth and Gums, the Pallate and Tongue, with a clean courſe cloth, rubbing off the ſlime which groweth upon them in the night.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- […] Walden rubbed his hands together and smiled contentedly.
- (intransitive) To be rubbed against something.
- My shoes are beginning to rub.
- (transitive) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
- meat rubbed with spices before barbecuing
- 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- The smoothed plank, […] / New rubbed with balm.
- (dated) To move or pass with difficulty.
- to rub through woods, as huntsmen
- To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over.
- to rub up silver
- a. 1716, Robert South, Man Created in God's Image:
- The whole business of our redemption is, in short, only to rub over the defaced copy of the creation
- To hinder; to cross; to thwart.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
- 'Tis the duke's pleasure, / Whose disposition, all the world well knows, / Will not be rubbed nor stopped.
- (transitive, bowls) To touch the jack with the bowl.
Derived terms
[edit]- rub along
- rubber
- rubbing
- rubboard
- rub down
- rub elbows
- rub in
- rub it in
- rub off
- rub off on
- rub one off
- rub one out
- rub oneself off
- rub one's face with a brass candlestick
- rub one's hands
- rub one's hands together
- rub out
- rub salt in someone's wounds
- rub salt in the wound
- rub shoulders
- rub someone's face in
- rub someone's nose in
- rub someone the wrong way
- rub the fear of God into
- rub up
- rub up against
- rub up on
- rub up the wrong way
- two pennies to rub together
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2520”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 2520
Further reading
[edit]- “rub”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “rub”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “rub”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “rub”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
[edit]Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”), from *rǫbati (“to cut, chop”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rub m inan
- back (the reverse side)
- Antonym: líc
- rub karty ― back of the card
- rub mince ― reverse of the coin
- the other (often negative) aspect of a situation
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “rub”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
Further reading
[edit]- “rub”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “rub”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “rub”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rub
Manx
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)
Verb
[edit]rub (verbal noun rubbey or rubbal)
- to rub
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rȗb m (Cyrillic spelling ру̑б)
Declension
[edit]Yola
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English ribbe, from Old English ribb, from Proto-West Germanic *ribi.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rub (plural rubbès)
References
[edit]- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 65
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- Rhymes:English/ʌb
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- en:Bowls (game)
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- Yola terms inherited from Middle English
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