-ton

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English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English -ton, -tone, -tune, from Old English -tūn, derived from Old English tūn (town). Doublet of town.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ton

  1. Place-name suffix, originally denoting a town or enclosure of buildings.
    Washington
  2. (mathematics, bridge) A set of specific objects or persons.
    singleton

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Classical Nahuatl

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-toːn/, [-toːn̥]

Suffix

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-tōn (plural -totōn)

  1. (appended to nouns) a diminutive suffix; forms nouns denoting smallness, and rarely insignificance.
Examples

Usage notes

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  • The diminutive element -tōn is inserted between the noun stem and the absolutive or possessive ending if there is one.
  • The suffix -tōn takes the plural form -totōn(tin), undergoing reduplication plus the addition of the plural suffix -tin.
piltōntli (small child)pīpiltotōntin (small children)
  • If the stem does not take an absolutive suffix (i.e. -tli and its assimilated forms, -tl and -li), the resulting diminutive does not either, and -tin is omitted in the plural.
chichitōn (small dog)chichitotōn (small dogs)
  • The same can also happen with nouns taking the absolutive -in.
quimichin (mouse)quimichtōn (small mouse), but citlālin (star)citlāltōntli (small star)

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of augmentative affix): huēyi, -pōl

Derived terms

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References

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  • Frances Karttunen (1992) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, University of Oklahoma Press, page 247
  • James Lockhart (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford University Press, page 240

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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  • -toin (archaic or dialectal)

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin (compare Estonian -tu), from Proto-Uralic *-ktama (compare Northern Sami -heapme and Moksha -фтома (-ftoma), Erzya -(в)томо (-(v)tomo), Udmurt -тэм (-tem)).

Suffix

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-ton (front vowel harmony variant -tön, linguistic notation -tOn)

  1. Indicates lack of something; -less, un-, in-, non- etc..
    aika (time) + ‎-ton → ‎ajaton (timeless)
    järki (sense) + ‎-ton → ‎järjetön (senseless)
    maku (taste) + ‎-ton → ‎mauton (tasteless)
    ääri (border) + ‎-ton → ‎ääretön (infinite)
    suola (salt) + ‎-ton → ‎suolaton (unsalted)
    maito (milk) + ‎-ton → ‎maidoton (nondairy)
    syy (reason, blame) + ‎-ton → ‎syytön (innocent)

Usage notes

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Added to the genitive singular (weak grade) stem.

Declension

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Inflection of -ton (Kotus type 34*C/onneton, tt-t gradation)
nominative -ton -ttomat
genitive -ttoman -ttomien
partitive -tonta -ttomia
illative -ttomaan -ttomiin
singular plural
nominative -ton -ttomat
accusative nom. -ton -ttomat
gen. -ttoman
genitive -ttoman -ttomien
-tonten rare
partitive -tonta -ttomia
inessive -ttomassa -ttomissa
elative -ttomasta -ttomista
illative -ttomaan -ttomiin
adessive -ttomalla -ttomilla
ablative -ttomalta -ttomilta
allative -ttomalle -ttomille
essive -ttomana -ttomina
translative -ttomaksi -ttomiksi
abessive -ttomatta -ttomitta
instructive -ttomin
comitative -ttomine
Possessive forms of -ton (Kotus type 34*C/onneton, tt-t gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttomani -ttomani
accusative nom. -ttomani -ttomani
gen. -ttomani
genitive -ttomani -ttomieni
-tonteni rare
partitive -tontani -ttomiani
inessive -ttomassani -ttomissani
elative -ttomastani -ttomistani
illative -ttomaani -ttomiini
adessive -ttomallani -ttomillani
ablative -ttomaltani -ttomiltani
allative -ttomalleni -ttomilleni
essive -ttomanani -ttominani
translative -ttomakseni -ttomikseni
abessive -ttomattani -ttomittani
instructive
comitative -ttomineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttomasi -ttomasi
accusative nom. -ttomasi -ttomasi
gen. -ttomasi
genitive -ttomasi -ttomiesi
-tontesi rare
partitive -tontasi -ttomiasi
inessive -ttomassasi -ttomissasi
elative -ttomastasi -ttomistasi
illative -ttomaasi -ttomiisi
adessive -ttomallasi -ttomillasi
ablative -ttomaltasi -ttomiltasi
allative -ttomallesi -ttomillesi
essive -ttomanasi -ttominasi
translative -ttomaksesi -ttomiksesi
abessive -ttomattasi -ttomittasi
instructive
comitative -ttominesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttomamme -ttomamme
accusative nom. -ttomamme -ttomamme
gen. -ttomamme
genitive -ttomamme -ttomiemme
-tontemme rare
partitive -tontamme -ttomiamme
inessive -ttomassamme -ttomissamme
elative -ttomastamme -ttomistamme
illative -ttomaamme -ttomiimme
adessive -ttomallamme -ttomillamme
ablative -ttomaltamme -ttomiltamme
allative -ttomallemme -ttomillemme
essive -ttomanamme -ttominamme
translative -ttomaksemme -ttomiksemme
abessive -ttomattamme -ttomittamme
instructive
comitative -ttominemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttomanne -ttomanne
accusative nom. -ttomanne -ttomanne
gen. -ttomanne
genitive -ttomanne -ttomienne
-tontenne rare
partitive -tontanne -ttomianne
inessive -ttomassanne -ttomissanne
elative -ttomastanne -ttomistanne
illative -ttomaanne -ttomiinne
adessive -ttomallanne -ttomillanne
ablative -ttomaltanne -ttomiltanne
allative -ttomallenne -ttomillenne
essive -ttomananne -ttominanne
translative -ttomaksenne -ttomiksenne
abessive -ttomattanne -ttomittanne
instructive
comitative -ttominenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttomansa -ttomansa
accusative nom. -ttomansa -ttomansa
gen. -ttomansa
genitive -ttomansa -ttomiensa
-tontensa rare
partitive -tontaan
-tontansa
-ttomiaan
-ttomiansa
inessive -ttomassaan
-ttomassansa
-ttomissaan
-ttomissansa
elative -ttomastaan
-ttomastansa
-ttomistaan
-ttomistansa
illative -ttomaansa -ttomiinsa
adessive -ttomallaan
-ttomallansa
-ttomillaan
-ttomillansa
ablative -ttomaltaan
-ttomaltansa
-ttomiltaan
-ttomiltansa
allative -ttomalleen
-ttomallensa
-ttomilleen
-ttomillensa
essive -ttomanaan
-ttomanansa
-ttominaan
-ttominansa
translative -ttomakseen
-ttomaksensa
-ttomikseen
-ttomiksensa
abessive -ttomattaan
-ttomattansa
-ttomittaan
-ttomittansa
instructive
comitative -ttomineen
-ttominensa

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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Anagrams

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Swedish

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Suffix

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-ton

  1. -teen (suffix for the numbers 13 to 19)

Derived terms

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See also the translations for thirteen to nineteen.