γράφω

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Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *grəpʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-. Cognates include Old English ċeorfan (English carve), Old Church Slavonic жрѣбъ (žrěbŭ).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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γρᾰ́φω (gráphō)

  1. (Homeric) to scratch, cut into
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.599:
      γράψεν δέ οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις / αἰχμὴ Πουλυδάμαντος []
      grápsen dé hoi ostéon ákhris / aikhmḕ Pouludámantos []
      and the spearpoint of Polydamas scratched him close to the bone []
  2. to draw, sketch, paint
  3. to write
  4. to write down, propose a law
    • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.7.34:
      ταῦτ’ εἰπὼν Εὐρυπτόλεμος ἔγραψε γνώμην κατὰ τὸ Καννωνοῦ ψήφισμα κρίνεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας δίχα ἕκαστον.
      taût’ eipṑn Euruptólemos égrapse gnṓmēn katà tò Kannōnoû psḗphisma krínesthai toùs ándras díkha hékaston.
      After saying this, Euryptolemus proposed a resolution that the men be tried under the decree of Cannonus, each one separately.
  5. (middle voice)
    1. (indirect reflexive) write down for oneself, note down
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 143a:
        Τερψίων   ἀτὰρ τίνες ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; ἔχοις ἂν διηγήσασθαι;
        Εὐκλείδης   οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, [] ἀλλ’ ἐγραψάμην μὲν τότ’ εὐθὺς οἴκαδ’ ἐλθὼν ὑπομνήματα [] .
        Terpsíōn   atàr tínes êsan hoi lógoi? ékhois àn diēgḗsasthai?
        Eukleídēs   ou mà tòn Día, [] all’ egrapsámēn mèn tót’ euthùs oíkad’ elthṑn hupomnḗmata [] .
        Terpsion: But what was the talk? Can you repeat it?
        Eucleides: No, by Zeus, but I wrote myself notes as soon as I came home.
    2. to indict, prosecute
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 13:
        δεῖ [] ταῖς ἐκ τῶν νόμων τιμωρίαις παρ’ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα χρῆσθαι, [] εἰ δὲ γράφοντα παράνομα, παρανόμων γραφόμενον
        deî [] taîs ek tôn nómōn timōríais par’ autà tadikḗmata khrêsthai, [] ei dè gráphonta paránoma, paranómōn graphómenon
        he must make use of the legal punishments for these crimes: [] if [I] proposed illegal measures, to indict [me] for breaking the law
      οἱ γραψάμενοι
      hoi grapsámenoi
      the prosecutors
  6. (perfect passive) be written down, be in written form
    • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 143a:
      Εὐκλείδης   [] ὥστε μοι σχεδόν τι πᾶς ὁ λόγος γέγραπται.
      Eukleídēs   [] hṓste moi skhedón ti pâs ho lógos gégraptai.
      Eucleides:   [] So I have pretty much the whole conversation written down.

Inflection

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: γράφω (gráfo)
  • Mariupol Greek: гра́фту (hráftu)
  • Italian: graffire

Further reading

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Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō), from Proto-Hellenic *grəpʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-. For the stems, see Related terms.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɣra.fo/
  • Hyphenation: γρά‧φω

Verb

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γράφω (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι)

  1. to write, pen
    Γράφετε βιβλίο;
    Gráfete vivlío?
    Are you writing a book?
  2. to record
  3. to issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc)

Conjugation

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Antonyms

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More than 60 compounds with -γράφω or -γραφώ[1] e.g.

From stems:

References

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  1. ^ *γραφω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
  2. ^ *γραφ*, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
  3. ^ *γραμμ*, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
  4. ^ *γραπτ*, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

Italiot Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō), from Proto-Hellenic *grəpʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡra.fo/
  • Hyphenation: γρά‧φω

Verb

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γράφω (Latin spelling grafo)

  1. (Apulia, Calabrian) to write