икра

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈikra]
• Hyphenation: ик‧ра

Noun

икра • (ikra) f (plural икри)

1. roe (fish eggs)
2. caviar
3. (usually in the plural) calf of the leg, (musculus gastrocnemius) gastrocnemius muscle

Declension

Declension of икра

	singular	plural
indefinite	икра	икри
definite unspecified	икрата	икрите
definite proximal	икрава	икриве
definite distal	икрана	икрине
vocative	икро	икри

See also

• риба f (riba)

References

• “икра” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Old Ruthenian

икра́

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic икра́ (ikrá), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrāˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognate with Russian икра́ (ikrá), Old Church Slavonic икра (ikra).

Noun

икра • (ikra) f inan

1. caviar, roe

Descendants

• Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
• Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
• Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)

Further reading

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “*икра”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 430
• Voitiv, H. V., editor (2006), “икра”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 13 (и – іюнь), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 99
• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1996), “икра”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 14 (игде – катуючий), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, →ISBN, page 86
• Tymchenko, E. K. (2002) “икра”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Н), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 347

Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic икра (ikra), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥. Compare the semantic development of English roe; however, this is not an etymological cognate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɪˈkra]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

икра́ • (ikrá) f inan (genitive икры́, nominative plural и́кры, genitive plural икр)

1. (only singular) roe, spawn (of fish), also small eggs of frogs or other amphibia

   мета́ть икру́ ― metátʹ ikrú ― to spawn

2. (only singular) caviar (as food)

   зерни́стая икра́ ― zernístaja ikrá ― soft caviar

   ке́товая икра́ ― kétovaja ikrá ― red caviar, ikra

   у́стричная икра́ ― ústričnaja ikrá ― spat

3. (figuratively, only singular) paste (dish of mushrooms or vegetables minced into small particles)

   баклажа́нная икра́ ― baklažánnaja ikrá ― aubergine paste

   кабачко́вая икра́ ― kabačkóvaja ikrá ― marrow paste

   грибна́я икра́ ― gribnája ikrá ― mushroom paste

4. (usually in the plural) calf of the leg, (musculus gastrocnemius) gastrocnemius muscle

   игра́ть и́крами

   igrátʹ íkrami

   to repeatedly quickly tense and relax the calves of the legs

   (literally, “to play with the calves”)

   • 1906, Александр Куприн [Aleksandr I. Kuprin], “5”, in Штабс-капитан Рыбников; English translation from John Middleton Murry, transl., Captain Ribnikov, 1916:

     Он, не отрыва́ясь, гляде́л на её́ больши́е, но краси́вые но́ги с по́лными и́крами, кото́рые ло́вко обтя́гивали чё́рные ажу́рные чулки́.

     On, ne otryvájasʹ, gljadél na jejó bolʹšíje, no krasívyje nógi s pólnymi íkrami, kotóryje lóvko obtjágivali čórnyje ažúrnyje čulkí.

     He could not tear his eyes from her big, handsome legs and plump calves, which her black, transparent stockings so closely fitted.

5. (obsolete) drifting ice floe (especially on a river)

Declension

Declension of икра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	икра́ ikrá	и́кры íkry
genitive	икры́ ikrý	и́кр íkr
dative	икре́ ikré	и́крам íkram
accusative	икру́ ikrú	и́кры íkry
instrumental	икро́й, икро́ю ikrój, ikróju	и́крами íkrami
prepositional	икре́ ikré	и́крах íkrax

Pre-reform declension of икра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	икра́ ikrá	и́кры íkry
genitive	икры́ ikrý	и́кръ íkr
dative	икрѣ́ ikrě́	и́крамъ íkram
accusative	икру́ ikrú	и́кры íkry
instrumental	икро́й, икро́ю ikrój, ikróju	и́крами íkrami
prepositional	икрѣ́ ikrě́	и́крахъ íkrax

Descendants

• → Japanese: イクラ (ikura, “salmon roe”)
  • → Indonesian: ikura
• → Korean: 이크라 (ikeura)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьkra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /îkra/
• Hyphenation: и‧кра

Noun

и̏кра f (Latin spelling ȉkra)

1. (uncountable) roe (fish)
2. (uncountable) caviar

Declension

Declension of икра

	singular
nominative	икра
genitive	икре
dative	икри
accusative	икру
vocative	икро
locative	икри
instrumental	икром