پند

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [panð]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰän̪d̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰän̪d̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰän̪d̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰæn̪d̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰän̪d̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	pand
Dari reading^?	pand
Iranian reading^?	pand
Tajik reading^?	pand

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian pnd (pand, “path; counsel, advice”) (compare Parthian [Manichaean needed] (pand /⁠pnd⁠/, “counsel”), [Manichaean needed] (pandān /⁠pndʾn⁠/, “path”)), from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh- (“path, road”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs (“path”).^[1] Cognate with Old Armenian հուն (hun), Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos), πόντος (póntos), Latin pons, and Old Church Slavonic пѫть (pǫtĭ).

Noun

پند • (pand) (plural پندها (pand-hâ))^[2]^[3]^[4]

advice, counsel, guidance

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Seems like a semantic shift from Etymology 1 above, as tricks are a special form of guidance to achieve effective results.”

Alternative forms

فند (fand)

Noun

پند • (pand) (plural پندها (pand-hâ))

(archaic) knack, trick, gimmick

Descendants

→ Arabic: فَنّ (fann)
- Egyptian Arabic: فن (fann)
- → Azerbaijani: fənn
- → Bashkir: фән (fən)
- → Hausa: fannī̀
- → Kazakh: пән (pän)
- → Ottoman Turkish: فن (fenn)
  - Turkish: fen
- → Persian: فن (fann)
- → Swahili: fani
- → Turkish: fen
- → Uyghur: پەن (pen)
- → Uzbek: fan
→ Azerbaijani: fənd
- → Armenian: փա̈նդ (pʻänd) — Karabakh
→ Georgian: ფანდი (pandi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فند (fend)
- → Armenian: ֆէնտ (fēnt), ֆա̈նդ (fänd)

References

^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 124
^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “پند”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “pand”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
^ Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “pnd”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols

[1] Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 124

[2] Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “پند”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

[3] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “pand”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[4] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “pnd”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols

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