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See also:
U+7A2E, 種
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A2E

[U+7A2D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7A2F]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 115, +9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹木竹十土 (HDHJG), four-corner 22914, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 856, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1281, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2617, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+7A2E

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs) : semantic + phonetic (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

Etymology

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Perhaps Sino-Tibetan: Chepang [script needed] (tuŋʔ-, to plant), दुङ् (duŋ, shoot; sprout), दुङ्‌सा (duŋ-, to sprout; to grow). Compare (OC *tjoŋʔ, “to swell”) and (OC *tjoŋʔ, “heel”).

Related to Proto-Vietic *k-coːŋʔ (seed) (Vietnamese giống (seed)), which is likely a loanword from Chinese (Wang, 1948).

Pronunciation 2 (to sow; to plant) is the exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (seed).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • chéng - vernacular;
  • chióng - literary.
Note:
  • zêng2 - vernacular;
  • zong2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨoŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕioŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕioŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cuawŋX/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕioŋX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭwoŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯woŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǒng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zung2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhǒng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyowngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.toŋʔ/
English seed

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 17471
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjoŋʔ/

Definitions

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  1. seed; kernel; cereal
      ―  càizhǒng  ―  seed of vegetable
  2. clan; ethnic group; ethnicity; race
      ―  rénzhǒng  ―  race
      ―  zhǒng  ―  ethnicity
  3. (taxonomy) species; breed
  4. kind; sort; type
  5. Classifier for varieties: kind; sort; typeall nouns using this classifier
      ―  zhǒng  ―  every kind
  6. (colloquial) guts; grit
  7. a surname: Zhong
Synonyms
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  • (kind):
  • (guts):
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Compounds

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See also

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • chèng - vernacular;
  • chiòng - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cuawŋH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕioŋH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zung3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhòng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyowngH ›
Old
Chinese
/*(mə-)toŋʔ-s/
English sow (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 17476
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjoŋs/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. to sow; to strew
  2. to grow; to plant; to cultivate
      ―  zhòng shù  ―  to plant a tree
  3. to breed; to bring up
  4. to foster; to train
  5. to transplant; to inoculate
Synonyms
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  • (to cultivate):
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Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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  1. cereal that is to plant early and to harvest lately
  2. a surname

References

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. seed
  2. plant, sow
  3. class, kind, variety
  4. (taxonomy) species

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
たね
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tanay.

Alternative forms

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  • (bloodline, lineage):

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(たね) or (タネ) (tane

  1. a seed
    Synonym: 種子 (shushi)
  2. a pit or stone in a fruit
    Synonym: (sane)
  3. a gamete (reproductive cell such as a spermatozoan or egg)
  4. a lineage, bloodline
    Synonyms: 血統 (kettō), 血筋 (chisuji)
  5. an origin, cause
    Synonyms: 根源 (kongen), 原因 (gen'in)
  6. the materials or ingredients from which something is made
    Synonyms: 原料 (genryō), 材料 (zairyō)
  7. capital, funds, seed money
    Synonyms: 元金 (gankin, motokin), 元手 (motode)
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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See also
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Proper noun

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(たね) (Tane

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
くさ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from or cognate with (くさ) (kusa, grass), from the way grass grows from its base, hence origin.

Alternative forms

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  • (cause of something):

Pronunciation

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  • Pitch accent for counter unknown.

Noun

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(くさ) (kusa

  1. an origin, cause
  2. a type, class
    Synonyms: 種類 (shurui), 類い (tagui)
Derived terms
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Counter

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(くさ) (-kusa

  1. counter for number of kinds or types
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
くさわい
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
種わい

⟨kusa papi1 → * /kusapapʲi//kusafafi//kusawawʲi//kusawai/

Compound of (くさ) (kusa, origin; type) + () (hai, widely spread out, the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of () (hau, to spread out widely)).

Noun

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(くさわい) (kusawaiくさはひ (kusafafi)?

  1. an origin, cause
    Synonym: 原因 (gen'in)
  2. a type, class
    Synonyms: 種類 (shurui), 類い (tagui)
  3. an interest, appeal
    Synonyms: (omomuki), 面白み (omoshiromi)

Etymology 4

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
しゅ
Grade: 4
on'yomi

/t͡ɕɨu//ɕʲu//ɕu/

From Middle Chinese (MC tsyowngX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しゅ) (shu

  1. a seed
    Synonym: 種子 (shushi)
  2. a kind, type, sort, class, or category
    Synonyms: 種類 (shurui), 類い (tagui)
  3. (taxonomy) a species
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC tsyowngX, “seed”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄡᅵ〮 (Yale: psí) 죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)

Pronunciation

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  • (seed; kernel):
  • (kind; sort; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (ssi jong))

  1. hanja form? of (seed; kernel)
  2. hanja form? of (kind; sort; type)
  3. hanja form? of ((taxonomy) species)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC tsyowngH, “sow”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 죠ᇰ〮 (Yale: cyóng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 시믈 (Yale: sìmùl) 죠ᇰ〮 (Yale: cyóng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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(eumhun 심을 (simeul jong))

  1. hanja form? of (to plant; to cultivate)
  2. hanja form? of (to transplant; to inoculate)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: chủng ((chủ)(dũng)(thiết))[1][2][3][4], chũng[5]
: Nôm readings: giống[1][2][3][6][5][4][7], chỏng[3][6][5][4][7], chõng[1][5][4][7], chủng[2][3][6][7], trồng[1][2][3], chổng[6][7], truồng[1], giuống[7]

  1. chữ Hán form of chủng (species; race; type; kind).
  2. Nôm form of giống (kind; race; breed).
  3. Nôm form of trồng (to plant).

Compounds

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References

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