隼

See also: 集

隼 U+96BC, 隼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96BC ← 隻 [U+96BB] CJK Unified Ideographs 隽 → [U+96BD]

Translingual

Han character

隼 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人土十 (OGJ), four-corner 2040₁, composition ⿱隹十)

Derived characters

• 榫 鎨 鶽 㢑 𢲜 𣯍 𦞠 𪄩 𡺾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1364, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41943
• Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4090, character 2
• Unihan data for U+96BC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		隼
alternative forms		鶽／𱊛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
隼	*sqʰʷinʔ
榫	*sqʰʷinʔ
准	*qʷjinʔ
準	*qʷjinʔ, *qʷjed

The upper component is a reference to a bird with a short tail, in this case a falcon, and is used both as a semantic and phonetic component. Originally, it was written as 鵻. Then it became 隼 and eventually 鶽.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǔn, zhǔn (sun³, zhun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ, ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon² / seon²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sún

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǔn
    • Wade–Giles: sun³
    • Yale: swǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soen
    • Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chun³
    • Yale: jwǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
    • Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeon² / seon²
    • Yale: jéun / séun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen² / soen²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zên² / sên²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³⁵/, /sɵn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún
    • Tâi-lô: sún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suon
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: swinX

Rime
Character	隼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	思尹切
Baxter	swinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swinX/
Li Rong	/siuĕnX/
Wang Li	/sĭuĕnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seon2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]urʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ swinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]urʔ/
English	hawk, falcon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	隼
Reading #	1/1
No.	12186
Phonetic component	隼
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	筍
Old Chinese	/*sqʰʷinʔ/
Notes	説文同鵻

Definitions

隼

1. falcon

   • 鴥彼飛隼 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     𫛣彼飞隼 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yù bǐ fēi sǔn [Pinyin]

     Rapid is the flying falcon

Compounds

• 游隼 (yóusǔn)

 

• 紅隼／红隼 (hóngsǔn)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sn̍gh

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sn̍gh
    • Tâi-lô: sn̍gh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sŋ̍ʔ¹²¹/

Definitions

隼

1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) dull and not speaking

   人隼隼 [Hokkien]  ―  lâng sn̍gh sn̍gh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  someone being dull and not speaking

2. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sound made by a fast-moving object: zoom

   車開甲隼隼叫。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   车开甲隼隼叫。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Chhia khai kah sn̍gh sn̍gh kiò. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   The car drove fast with a zoom.

3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sound of sniffing one's nose: sniffle

Japanese

Kanji

隼

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. falcon

Readings

• Go-on: しゅん (shun)^{←しゆん (syun, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅん (shun)^{←しゆん (syun, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: じゅん (jun)^{←じゆん (zyun, historical)}
• Kun: はやぶさ (hayabusa, 隼)
• Nanori: はや (haya)

Compounds

• 隼(はや)人(ひと) (hayahito); 隼(はや)人(と) (hayato)
• 鷹隼(ようしゅん) (yōshun)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
隼
はやぶさ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
鶻 鸇

Attested in early Old Japanese texts: the Kojiki (712) <波夜夫佐> and the Nihon Shoki (720) <破夜歩佐>.

Further etymology is uncertain; a popular etymology is that it derives from a corruption of 早 (haya-, “early; fast”) + 翼 (tsubasa, “wing (bird)”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はやぶさ [hàyábúsá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ja̠bɯ̟sa̠]

• (Kyoto) はや​ぶさ [háyáꜜbùsà] (Kōki)

• Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

• (the Heian period) LLLL
• (the Kamakura period) LLLL

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References:

Noun

隼(はやぶさ) or 隼(ハヤブサ) • (hayabusa) 

1. a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)
   • 2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ)　それぞれの道(みち)へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 355:

     双(そう)剣(けん)の隼(はやぶさ)キルマー

     Sōken no Hayabusa Kirumā

     Kilmer, Peregrine of Two Swords

2. a falcon (in general)
3. the act of being quick and brave
   1. a person that is quick and brave
4. (slang, criminal) detective
5. the Nakajima Ki-43: a name of a World War II fighter jet

Derived terms

• 隼科(はやぶさか) (hayabusaka)
• 白隼(しろはやぶさ) (shirohayabusa)
• 稚児隼(ちごはやぶさ) (chigohayabusa)

Korean

Hanja

隼 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

隼: Hán Nôm readings: chuẩn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.