魔羅

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Chinese

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phonetic
trad. (魔羅)
simp. (魔罗)
alternative forms 摩羅摩罗
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Etymology

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From Sanskrit मार (māra, killing; death; destroyer; demon).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (4) (37)
Final () (95) (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter ma la
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mwa/ /la/
Li
Rong
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Wang
Li
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/muɑ/ /lɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
luó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mo4 lo4

Noun

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魔羅

  1. (Buddhism) mara (demon)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (魔羅):
  • Japanese: 魔羅(まら) (mara)

Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 魔羅 (muɑ lɑ), in turn a transcription of Sanskrit मार (Māra, the Destroyer, the Evil One).[1][2][3][4][5] The kanji are phonetic ateji (当て字) applied when transcribing the Sanskrit into Middle Chinese.

The shift from "Buddhist evil demon" to "penis" was originally slang use among monks,[1][2][3][4] in reference to sexual desires distracting one from the path to enlightenment.

Some sources link this term to 放る (maru, to excrete).[1][2] However, the verb maru refers to "excreting" bodily wastes in general, not just urination but also defecation, and some sources also list flatulation as an included sense.[4] In addition, other nouns attested from Old Japanese that derive from verbs and end in -a appear to be the result of the action of the verb, which does not fit this case. Ultimately, the proposed connection between Sanskrit-derived mara ("penis") and Japonic-derived maru ("to excrete") appears to be a folk etymology, likely arising from the superficial similarity in forms.

First attested in the Nihon Ryōiki, in a section dated to the early 800s.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (mara

  1. [from early 800s] (Buddhism) Mara: a Buddhist demon that personifies the "death" of spiritual life
  2. [from early 800s] (anatomy) penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 45:
      玉茎 房内經云 玉茎 男陰名也 [...] 一云 麻良 [...]
      Penis: The Classic of the Bedchamber calls it 'jade stalk', it is a name for the male sex organ [...] One name [is] mara
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 386:
      Mara. l, nancon. マラ. または, ナンコン (𨳯. または, 男根) 陰茎. 卑語.
      Mara. Also, nancon[sic]. A penis. Vulgar language.

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 魔羅・摩羅”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 魔羅”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ マラ”, in 日本の危機言語[3] (in Japanese), National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 2022

Kikai

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

References

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  • 岩倉市郎 (1941) 喜界島方言集 [Kikai-jima Dialect Collection]‎[4] (in Japanese), 中央公論社, page 279

Kunigami

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
らー
Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()(らー) (marā

  1. (anatomy) penis

Miyako

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

Northern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

Yaeyama

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

Yonaguni

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis

Yoron

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
摩羅

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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()() (mara

  1. (anatomy) penis