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In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic...

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. The Standard Model...

The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the...

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted...

In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state...

Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître (/ləˈmɛtrə/ lə-MET-rə; French: [ʒɔʁʒ ləmɛːtʁ] ; 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic priest, theoretical...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a fusion energy process that initiates nuclear fusion reactions by compressing and heating targets filled with fuel...

The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10−7 joules (100 nJ). It originated in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). It has the symbol erg. The...

A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials. Crystallites are also referred to...

Gravitoelectromagnetism, abbreviated GEM, refers to a set of formal analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation;...

In astrophysics, the ergosphere is a region located outside a rotating black hole's outer event horizon. Its name was proposed by Remo Ruffini and John...

In theoretical physics, the (one-dimensional) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is a nonlinear variation of the Schrödinger equation. It is a classical...

Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule. Not every interaction between...

In physics, Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime govern the dynamics of the electromagnetic field in curved spacetime (where the metric may not be the...

A helium atom is an atom of the chemical element helium. Helium is composed of two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing...

In physics, a variational principle is an alternative method for determining the state or dynamics of a physical system, by identifying it as an extremum...

In physics and astronomy, Euler's three-body problem is to solve for the motion of a particle that is acted upon by the gravitational field of two other...

An inexact differential or imperfect differential is a differential whose integral is path dependent. It is most often used in thermodynamics to express...

Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (German: [miː]; 29 September 1868 – 13 February 1957) was a German physicist. His work included Mie scattering,...

A quantum-well laser is a laser diode in which the active region of the device is so narrow that quantum confinement occurs. Laser diodes are formed in...