Ilmen Nature Reserve: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Nature reserve in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia}} |
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{{Infobox protected area |
{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = Ilmen Nature Reserve |
| name = Ilmen Nature Reserve |
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| coordinates = {{coord|55|0|55|N|60|9|32|E|region:RU|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|55|0|55|N|60|9|32|E|region:RU|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| coords_ref = |
| coords_ref = |
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| area = {{convert|34380 |
| area = {{convert|34380|ha|acre+sqmi|0|lk=on}} |
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| established = {{start date|1920}} |
| established = {{start date|1920}} |
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| website=http://igz.ilmeny.ac.ru/ |
| website=http://igz.ilmeny.ac.ru/ |
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| governing_body=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]] |
| governing_body=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]] |
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'''Ilmen Nature Reserve''' ({{lang-ru|Ильменский заповедник}}) (also '''Ilmensky''') is a [[ |
'''Ilmen Nature Reserve''' ({{lang-ru|Ильменский заповедник}}) (also '''Ilmensky''') is a Russian '[[zapovednik]]' (strict nature reserve) that was created by decree of [[Vladimir Lenin]], in 1920 as a mineralogical nature reserve. It is the site of deposits of many rare-earth minerals - 16 minerals were first discovered here, including [[Ilmenite]] (named for the site), [[Monazite]], [[Cancrinite]], and [[Samarskite-(Y)]]. There have been over 400 mines in the area over the years. The Reserve's geological museum is one of the largest in Russia. The forest cover is pine and larch forest on low hills of the [[Ilmensky Mountains]] and foothill ridges on east side of the south [[Ural Mountains]]. The reserve is situated just north and east of the city of [[Miass]], in the [[Chebarkulsky District]] of [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]. It is also 20 kkm east of [[Taganay|Taganay National Park]] and 75 km west of [[Chelyabinsk]].<ref name='reservesite'>{{cite web|title=Ilmen Zapovednik (Official Site)|url=http://igz.ilmeny.ac.ru/Default.asp|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=en|access-date=February 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name='zapsite'>{{cite web|title=Ilmen Zapovednik|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/38/|publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]]|language=ru|access-date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> |
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==Topography== |
==Topography== |
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The Ilmensky Reserve is located on the east slope of the southern Urals, where the terrain flattens from low mountains (400 meters altitude) to a district of lakes and rolling hills. The reserve is rectangular in shape, 70 km from north to south, and 10 km from west to east. The [[Miass River]] runs |
The Ilmensky Reserve is located on the east slope of the southern Urals, where the terrain flattens from low mountains (400 meters altitude) to a district of lakes and rolling hills. The reserve is rectangular in shape, 70 km from north to south, and 10 km from west to east. The [[Miass River]] runs north–south along the west border of the reserve.<ref name='reservesite'/> The highest point, Ilmen Tau, is 750 meters above sea level. |
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[[File:Harvard Museum of Natural History. Ilmenite. Arendal, Aust-Agder, Norway (DerHexer) 2012-07-20.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ilmenite, the most important Titanium ore, was first discovered on the site of the Ilmen Reserve]] |
[[File:Harvard Museum of Natural History. Ilmenite. Arendal, Aust-Agder, Norway (DerHexer) 2012-07-20.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ilmenite, the most important Titanium ore, was first discovered on the site of the Ilmen Reserve]] |
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The geology is a complex assortment of igneous and metamorphic rock. The granitic formations contain many pegmatite veins with associated minerals. The reserve has recorded 278 species of minerals, and 70 kinds of rock.<ref name='zapsite'/> |
The geology is a complex assortment of igneous and metamorphic rock. The granitic formations contain many pegmatite veins with associated minerals. The reserve has recorded 278 species of minerals, and 70 kinds of rock.<ref name='zapsite'/> |
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==Climate and Ecoregion== |
==Climate and Ecoregion== |
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Ilmen is located in the ''Kazakh forest steppe'' ecoregion. Steppe with long ""ribbon forests"" of pine; about 300–500 miles more northerly than the European Russian forest. This ecoregion has more wetlands and more continental climate than the European forest steppe.<ref name='eco1'>{{cite web|title=Kazakh forest steppe|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbee477896bb431f696a2b/|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth| |
Ilmen is located in the ''[[Kazakh forest steppe]]'' ecoregion. Steppe with long ""ribbon forests"" of pine; about 300–500 miles more northerly than the European Russian forest. This ecoregion has more wetlands and more continental climate than the European forest steppe.<ref name='eco1'>{{cite web|title=Kazakh forest steppe|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbee477896bb431f696a2b/|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth|access-date=January 24, 2016}}</ref> |
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The climate of Ilmen is ''[[Humid continental climate|Humid continental climate, |
The climate of Ilmen is ''[[Humid continental climate|Humid continental climate, warm summer]]'' ([[Köppen climate classification]] [[Humid continental climate#Koppen Dfb|(Dfb)]]). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters.<ref>{{cite web|first1=M. |last1=Kottek |first2=J. |last2=Grieser |first3=C. |last3=Beck |first4=B. |last4=Rudolf |first5=F. |last5=Rubel |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf|publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006|language=en|access-date=September 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{cite web|title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications|url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification|publisher=World Bank|language=en|access-date=September 14, 2019}}</ref> Rainfall varies from 500 to 800 mm per year, peaking in the summer. Snow reaches a depth of 1 meter, with snow cover averaging 195 days. The frost-free period lasts 80–90 days.<ref name='zapsite'/> |
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==Flora and fauna== |
==Flora and fauna== |
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The dark taiga is to the west, on the mountain ridges; Ilmen is more in a pine and birch forest subzone. Forests cover 85% of the Reserve - of which 55% is pine ([[Pinus sylvestris]]), and about 40% birch. The remaining 5% is mostly meadow, and steppe. Because 9% of the reserve is lake and river, the surrounding floodplains and dead birch trees provide a good habitat for mushrooms which are an object of study at the site. Throughout the reserves history, the mammals and birds of the region have been the subject of frequent scientific publication.<ref name='reservesite'/><ref name='zapsite'/> |
The dark taiga is to the west, on the mountain ridges; Ilmen is more in a pine and birch forest subzone. Forests cover 85% of the Reserve - of which 55% is pine ([[Pinus sylvestris]]), and about 40% birch. The remaining 5% is mostly meadow, and steppe. Because 9% of the reserve is lake and river, the surrounding floodplains and dead birch trees provide a good habitat for mushrooms which are an object of study at the site. Throughout the reserves history, the mammals and birds of the region have been the subject of frequent scientific publication.<ref name='reservesite'/><ref name='zapsite'/> |
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==Ecotourism== |
==Ecotourism== |
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As a strict nature reserve, the Ilmen Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. Other members of the public seeking access must apply to the main office in the city of Miass.<ref name='reservesite'/> |
As a strict nature reserve, the Ilmen Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. Other members of the public seeking access must apply to the main office in the city of Miass.<ref name='reservesite'/> |
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The Reserve's Natural Science Museum in the city of Miass, created in 1925, is one of the five largest Russian geological-mineralogical museums. It is housed in a three-story building, with six rooms and a total area of 2,050 m2. The Museum Foundation has 30 thousand units of storage, with 9000 on exhibit. The museum is a major regional center of education in the natural sciences, receiving 50 thousand visitors per year. |
The Reserve's Natural Science Museum in the city of Miass, created in 1925, is one of the five largest Russian geological-mineralogical museums. It is housed in a three-story building, with six rooms and a total area of 2,050 m2. The Museum Foundation has 30 thousand units of storage, with 9000 on exhibit. The museum is a major regional center of education in the natural sciences, receiving 50 thousand visitors per year. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Zapovednik#List of Russian Nature Reserves|List of Russian Nature Reserves (class 1a 'zapovedniks')]] |
* [[Zapovednik#List of Russian Nature Reserves|List of Russian Nature Reserves (class 1a 'zapovedniks')]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Protected areas established in 1920]] |
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1920]] |
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[[Category:1920 establishments in Russia]] |
[[Category:1920 establishments in Russia]] |
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[[Category:Geography of Chelyabinsk Oblast]] |
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[[Category:Zapovednik]] |
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Revision as of 08:04, 21 June 2024
| Ilmen Nature Reserve | |
|---|---|
| Template:Lang-ru (Also: Ilmensky) | |
 Ilmen Zapovednik | |
  Location of Reserve | |
| Location | Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| Nearest city | Miass |
| Coordinates | 55°0′55″N 60°9′32″E / 55.01528°N 60.15889°E |
| Area | 34,380 hectares (84,955 acres; 133 sq mi) |
| Established | 1920 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia) |
| Website | http://igz.ilmeny.ac.ru/ |
Ilmen Nature Reserve (Template:Lang-ru) (also Ilmensky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) that was created by decree of Vladimir Lenin, in 1920 as a mineralogical nature reserve. It is the site of deposits of many rare-earth minerals - 16 minerals were first discovered here, including Ilmenite (named for the site), Monazite, Cancrinite, and Samarskite-(Y). There have been over 400 mines in the area over the years. The Reserve's geological museum is one of the largest in Russia. The forest cover is pine and larch forest on low hills of the Ilmensky Mountains and foothill ridges on east side of the south Ural Mountains. The reserve is situated just north and east of the city of Miass, in the Chebarkulsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast. It is also 20 kkm east of Taganay National Park and 75 km west of Chelyabinsk.[1][2]
Topography
The Ilmensky Reserve is located on the east slope of the southern Urals, where the terrain flattens from low mountains (400 meters altitude) to a district of lakes and rolling hills. The reserve is rectangular in shape, 70 km from north to south, and 10 km from west to east. The Miass River runs north–south along the west border of the reserve.[1] The highest point, Ilmen Tau, is 750 meters above sea level.
The geology is a complex assortment of igneous and metamorphic rock. The granitic formations contain many pegmatite veins with associated minerals. The reserve has recorded 278 species of minerals, and 70 kinds of rock.[2]
Climate and Ecoregion
Ilmen is located in the Kazakh forest steppe ecoregion. Steppe with long ""ribbon forests"" of pine; about 300–500 miles more northerly than the European Russian forest. This ecoregion has more wetlands and more continental climate than the European forest steppe.[3]
The climate of Ilmen is Humid continental climate, warm summer (Köppen climate classification (Dfb)). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters.[4][5] Rainfall varies from 500 to 800 mm per year, peaking in the summer. Snow reaches a depth of 1 meter, with snow cover averaging 195 days. The frost-free period lasts 80–90 days.[2]
Flora and fauna
The dark taiga is to the west, on the mountain ridges; Ilmen is more in a pine and birch forest subzone. Forests cover 85% of the Reserve - of which 55% is pine (Pinus sylvestris), and about 40% birch. The remaining 5% is mostly meadow, and steppe. Because 9% of the reserve is lake and river, the surrounding floodplains and dead birch trees provide a good habitat for mushrooms which are an object of study at the site. Throughout the reserves history, the mammals and birds of the region have been the subject of frequent scientific publication.[1][2]
Ecotourism
As a strict nature reserve, the Ilmen Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. Other members of the public seeking access must apply to the main office in the city of Miass.[1]
Mineralogical Museum
The Reserve's Natural Science Museum in the city of Miass, created in 1925, is one of the five largest Russian geological-mineralogical museums. It is housed in a three-story building, with six rooms and a total area of 2,050 m2. The Museum Foundation has 30 thousand units of storage, with 9000 on exhibit. The museum is a major regional center of education in the natural sciences, receiving 50 thousand visitors per year.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Ilmen Zapovednik (Official Site)". Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia). Retrieved February 13, 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Ilmen Zapovednik" (in Russian). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia). Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Kazakh forest steppe". Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
- ^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
External links
