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{{Short description|Sword used as part of the regalia of a monarch}}
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[[File:6thMarquessOfLondonderry.jpg|thumbnail|The Great Sword of State of the United Kingdom held by the [[6th Marquess of Londonderry]] at the [[Coronation of King Edward VII]], 1902]]
[[File:LouisXIV.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Portrait of Louis XIV|Portrait of Louis XIV in Coronation Robes ]]'' with [[Joyeuse]] (by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]], 1701)]]
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[[File:John Singer Sargent - Charles Stewart, Sixth Marquess of Londonderry, Carrying the Great Sword of State at the Coronation ... - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail|The Great Sword of State of the United Kingdom held by the [[6th Marquess of Londonderry]] at the [[Coronation of Edward VII|Coronation of King Edward VII]], 1902]]
[[File:Istanbul.Topkapi083.jpg|right|thumb|Swords of different [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Sultans]] on display at the [[Topkapi Palace]].]]
[[File:Istanbul.Topkapi083.jpg|right|thumb|Swords of different [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Sultans]] on display at the [[Topkapi Palace]].]]
A '''sword of state''' is a [[sword]], used as part of the [[regalia]], symbolizing the power of a [[monarch]] to use the might of the state against its enemies, and his duty to preserve thus right and peace.
A '''sword of state''' is a [[sword]], used as part of the [[regalia]], symbolising the supreme power of a [[monarch]], [[Divine intervention|given by God]], to use the [[Military|infinite might of the state]] to deter its enemies by use of [[Total war|deadly warfare]], if thus dire, to maintain order in the [[realm]] and save the realm from extinction, [[Divine right of kings|because God chose the monarch]] as the master of the realm to lead and protect it from any threat.


It is known to be used in following monarchies:
It is known to be used in following monarchies:


* ''Reichsschwert'' of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}
* ''Reichsschwert'' of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], see [[Imperial Sword]]
* Kingdom of [[Denmark]], see [[Danish crown regalia]]
* Kingdom of [[Denmark]], see [[Danish crown regalia]]
* ''[[Joyeuse]]'', used for the ''sacre'' of the king of [[French Crown Jewels|France]]. Reputed to be the sword of [[Charlemagne]].
* ''[[Joyeuse]]'', used for the ''sacre'' of the king of [[French Crown Jewels|France]]. Reputed to be the sword of [[Charlemagne]].
* Kingdom of [[Hungary]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qVNqXDz4CE8C&pg=PA635&dq=%22Sword+of+State%22+Joyeuse+-wikipedia&lr=&ei=vJA1SKCCJqakiwGr1-yCBg&sig=feNKkst7aPGv-Bp0ZeFgfZJJPkg |title=encyclopedia of religion and ethics|author=Hastings, James|page=635|year=2004 | isbn=9780766136984 | publisher=Kessinger Publishing}}</ref>
* Kingdom of [[Hungary]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVNqXDz4CE8C&dq=%22Sword+of+State%22+Joyeuse+-wikipedia&pg=PA635 |title=encyclopedia of religion and ethics|author=Hastings, James|page=635|year=2004 | isbn=9780766136984 | publisher=Kessinger Publishing}}</ref>
* Kingdom of [[Bohemia]] ([[Czech Republic]]) – [[Sword of Saint Wenceslas]]
* Kingdom of [[Bohemia]] ([[Czech Republic]]) – [[Sword of Saint Wenceslas]]
* Kingdom of [[England]], later [[Great Britain]], yet later [[United Kingdom]] see [[British_crown_jewels#Swords|Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom]]
* Kingdom of [[England]], later [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], then [[United Kingdom]]; see [[British crown jewels#Swords]]
* Kingdom of the [[Netherlands]], see [[Dutch Royal Regalia]] (made in 1840 for enthronements)
* Kingdom of the [[Netherlands]], see [[Dutch Royal Regalia]] (made in 1840 for enthronements)
* Kingdom of [[Scotland]], see [[Honours_of_Scotland#The_Sword_of_State_of_Scotland|Honours of Scotland]]
* Kingdom of [[Norway]], see [[Regalia of Norway]]
* Kingdom of [[Scotland]], see [[Sword of State of Scotland|Honours of Scotland]]
* Kingdom of [[Sweden]], see [[Swedish Royal Regalia]], where it is the oldest of the [[House of Vasa|Vasa]] regalia
* Kingdom of [[Sweden]], see [[Swedish Royal Regalia]], where it is the oldest of the [[House of Vasa|Vasa]] regalia
* Kingdom of [[Poland]] – ''[[Szczerbiec]]''
* Kingdom of [[Poland]] – ''[[Szczerbiec]]'', ''[[Grunwald Swords]]'', ''Sigismundus Iustus''
* Kingdom of [[Mysore]] – [[Chikka Devaraja]] [[Wodeyar]], ending with the [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]]
* Kingdom of [[Mysore]] – [[Chikka Devaraja]] [[Wodeyar]], ending with the [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar II]]
* Kingdom of [[Thailand]] or Siam- the [[Sword of Victory]], one of the five Regalia of Thailand.
* Kingdom of [[Thailand]] or Siam- the [[Sword of Victory]], one of the five Regalia of Thailand.
* The former Kingdom of the [[Isle of Man]] (now a British Crown dependency), bearing the [[triskelion]] symbol, annually used on [[Tynwald Day]]
* The former Kingdom of the [[Isle of Man]] (now a British Crown dependency), bearing the [[triskelion]] symbol, annually used on [[Tynwald Day]]
* Empire of [[Russia]], see [[Regalia of the Russian tsars]]
* The Kingdom of Georgia
* The Kingdom of Georgia
* Shangfang Baojian ({{zh|s=尚方宝剑|t=尚方寶劍}}) of Chinese dynasties from [[Han dynasty]] to [[Ming dynasty]]
* Shangfang Baojian ({{zh|s=尚方宝剑|t=尚方寶劍}}) of Chinese dynasties from [[Han dynasty]] to [[Qing dynasty]]
* The Eodo of Taejo of [[Joseon Dynasty|Joseon]] Dynasty, [[Korea]]<ref>http://flyturtle.egloos.com/tag/%EC%96%B4%EB%8F%84/page/1</ref>
* The Eodo of Taejo of [[Joseon Dynasty]], [[Korea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flyturtle.egloos.com/tag/%EC%96%B4%EB%8F%84/page/1 |title=상상력 연구소 : 태그 > 어도 |language=ko |publisher=Flyturtle.egloos.com |date= |accessdate=2016-05-02}}</ref>
* The [[Sword of Osman]], given to [[Sultan]]s of the [[Ottoman Empire]];
* The [[Sword of Osman]], given to [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan]]s of the [[Ottoman Empire]];
* ''[[Kusanagi]]'', kept by the [[Emperor of Japan]];<ref>[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/sword Websters]</ref>
* ''[[Kusanagi]]'', kept by the [[Emperor of Japan]];<ref>[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/sword Websters]</ref>
* In the former sultanate of the [[Maldives]], being invested on the Monarch in a traditional gong ceremony
* In the former sultanate of the [[Maldives]], being invested on the Monarch in a traditional gong ceremony
* Also in the Malay world, notably in
* Also in the Malay world, notably in
** the sultanate of [[Perak]], where it gave the name to a 'national' order of knighthood <ref>http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Malaysia/perak16.htm</ref>
** the sultanate of [[Perak]], where it gave the name to a 'national' order of knighthood {{cn|date=August 2020}}
** [[Sarawak]] (on Borneo)
** [[Sarawak]] (on Borneo)


By analogy, it can even be used in republics, as in the Senate of the state of [[List of South Carolina state symbols|South Carolina]] in the United States of America.
Swords of state are also used in some republics, as in the Senate of the state of [[List of South Carolina state symbols#Symbols of sovereignty|South Carolina]] in the United States of America.


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Ceremonial weapon]]s – several types can be part of regalia
*[[Ceremonial weapon]]s – several types can be part of regalia
*[[Sayf al-Dawla (disambiguation)|Sword of the State]] – a title
*[[Sayf al-Dawla (disambiguation)|Sword of the State]] – a title
*[[Signature weapon]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 01:12, 11 December 2023

Portrait of Louis XIV in Coronation Robes with Joyeuse (by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701)
The Great Sword of State of the United Kingdom held by the 6th Marquess of Londonderry at the Coronation of King Edward VII, 1902
Swords of different Ottoman Sultans on display at the Topkapi Palace.

A sword of state is a sword, used as part of the regalia, symbolising the supreme power of a monarch, given by God, to use the infinite might of the state to deter its enemies by use of deadly warfare, if thus dire, to maintain order in the realm and save the realm from extinction, because God chose the monarch as the master of the realm to lead and protect it from any threat.

It is known to be used in following monarchies:

Swords of state are also used in some republics, as in the Senate of the state of South Carolina in the United States of America.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hastings, James (2004). encyclopedia of religion and ethics. Kessinger Publishing. p. 635. ISBN 9780766136984.
  2. ^ "상상력 연구소 : 태그 > 어도" (in Korean). Flyturtle.egloos.com. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  3. ^ Websters
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