Wrapper library: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
m ce |
||
(57 intermediate revisions by 41 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Software library for programming}} |
|||
In computer programming, a [[Library_(computing)|library]] is a collection of subroutines or classes used to develop software. Libraries expose interfaces which clients of the library use to execute library routines. |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | The specific way in which a wrapper library is implemented is highly specific to the environment it is being written in and the scenarios which it intends to address. This is especially true in the case when [[#Cross-language.2Fruntime_interoperability|cross-language/runtime interoperability]] is a consideration. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
==== C interface ==== |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t * mutex , pthread_mutexattr_t * attr); |
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t * mutex , pthread_mutexattr_t * attr); |
||
int pthread_mutex_destroy (pthread_mutex_t * mutex); |
int pthread_mutex_destroy (pthread_mutex_t * mutex); |
||
int pthread_mutex_lock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex ); |
int pthread_mutex_lock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex ); |
||
int pthread_mutex_unlock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex ); |
int pthread_mutex_unlock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex ); |
||
</syntaxhighlight> |
|||
</source> |
|||
=== C++ |
==== C++ wrapper ==== |
||
< |
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> |
||
class Mutex |
class Mutex |
||
{ |
{ |
||
Line 30: | Line 29: | ||
public: |
public: |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{ |
{ |
||
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, 0); |
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, 0); |
||
Line 42: | Line 40: | ||
private: |
private: |
||
friend class Lock; |
friend class Lock; |
||
Line 58: | Line 55: | ||
class Lock |
class Lock |
||
{ |
{ |
||
private: |
|||
Mutex |
Mutex &mutex; |
||
public: |
public: |
||
Lock(Mutex& |
Lock(Mutex &mutex): mutex{mutex} |
||
{ |
|||
~Lock(Mutex& mutex):mutex(mutex){mutex.unlock();} |
|||
mutex.lock(); |
|||
} |
|||
~Lock() |
|||
{ |
|||
mutex.unlock(); |
|||
} |
|||
}; |
}; |
||
</syntaxhighlight> |
|||
</source> |
|||
The original C |
The original C interface can be regarded as error prone, particularly in the case where users of the library forget to unlock an already locked mutex. The new interface effectively utilizes [[resource acquisition is initialization]] (RAII) in the new {{mono|Mutex}} and {{mono|Lock}} classes to ensure {{mono|Mutex}}s are eventually unlocked and {{mono|pthread_mutex_t}} objects are automatically released. |
||
The above code closely mimics the implementation of |
The above code closely mimics the implementation of {{mono|boost::scoped_lock}} and {{mono|boost::mutex}} which are part of the [http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/doc/html/thread.html boost::thread] library. |
||
=== Driver wrappers === |
|||
==Cross Language/Run-time Interoperability== |
|||
{{Further|Driver wrapper}} |
|||
== Cross-language/runtime interoperability == |
|||
Some wrapper libraries exist to act as a bridge between a client application and a library written using an incompatible technology. For instance, a [[ |
Some wrapper libraries exist to act as a bridge between a client application and a library written using an incompatible technology. For instance, a [[Java (programming language)|Java]] application may need to execute a [[system call]]. However system calls are typically exposed as C library functions. To resolve this issue Java implements wrapper libraries which make these system calls callable from a Java application. |
||
In order to achieve this, languages like Java provide |
In order to achieve this, languages like Java provide a mechanism called [[foreign function interface]] that makes this possible. Some examples of these mechanisms include: |
||
* [[Java Native Interface|Java Native Interface (JNI)]] |
|||
[[ |
* [[Java Native Access|Java Native Access (JNA)]] |
||
* [https://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html A foreign function library for Python] |
|||
===Built-in Modules (Python)=== |
|||
⚫ | |||
[http://docs.python.org/extending/extending.html Extending Python with C or C++] |
|||
* [[SWIG|SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator)]] |
|||
===Managed Extensions (C#)=== |
|||
⚫ | |||
==Existing Wrapper Libraries== |
|||
== Existing wrapper libraries == |
|||
Some examples of existing wrapper libraries: |
Some examples of existing wrapper libraries: |
||
*[http:// |
* [http://sourceware.org/pthreads-win32/ Pthreads for WIN32] |
||
*[http:// |
* [http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/ OpenGL Bindings for Python] |
||
*[http:// |
* [http://www.tangentsoft.net/mysql++/ MySQL++] |
||
*[http:// |
* [http://code.google.com/p/javacv/ JavaCV] |
||
* [[WineD3D]] |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Wrapper function]] |
|||
* [[Wrapper pattern]] |
|||
* [[Glue code]] |
|||
[[Category:Computer libraries]] |
Latest revision as of 02:35, 11 July 2024
Wrapper libraries (or library wrappers) consist of a thin layer of code (a "shim") which translates a library's existing interface into a compatible interface. This is done for several reasons:
- To refine a poorly designed or complicated interface
- Allow code to work together which otherwise cannot (e.g. incompatible data formats)
- Enable cross language and/or runtime interoperability
Wrapper libraries can be implemented using the adapter, façade, and to a lesser extent, proxy design patterns.
Structure and implementation
[edit]The specific way in which a wrapper library is implemented is highly specific to the environment it is being written in and the scenarios which it intends to address. This is especially true in the case when cross-language/runtime interoperability is a consideration.
Example
[edit]The following provides a general illustration of a common wrapper library implementation. In this example, a C++ interface acts as a "wrapper" around a C interface.
C interface
[edit]int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t * mutex , pthread_mutexattr_t * attr);
int pthread_mutex_destroy (pthread_mutex_t * mutex);
int pthread_mutex_lock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex );
int pthread_mutex_unlock (pthread_mutex_t * mutex );
C++ wrapper
[edit]class Mutex
{
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
public:
Mutex()
{
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, 0);
}
~Mutex()
{
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
}
private:
friend class Lock;
void lock()
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
}
void unlock()
{
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
};
class Lock
{
private:
Mutex &mutex;
public:
Lock(Mutex &mutex): mutex{mutex}
{
mutex.lock();
}
~Lock()
{
mutex.unlock();
}
};
The original C interface can be regarded as error prone, particularly in the case where users of the library forget to unlock an already locked mutex. The new interface effectively utilizes resource acquisition is initialization (RAII) in the new Mutex and Lock classes to ensure Mutexs are eventually unlocked and pthread_mutex_t objects are automatically released.
The above code closely mimics the implementation of boost::scoped_lock and boost::mutex which are part of the boost::thread library.
Driver wrappers
[edit]Cross-language/runtime interoperability
[edit]Some wrapper libraries exist to act as a bridge between a client application and a library written using an incompatible technology. For instance, a Java application may need to execute a system call. However system calls are typically exposed as C library functions. To resolve this issue Java implements wrapper libraries which make these system calls callable from a Java application.
In order to achieve this, languages like Java provide a mechanism called foreign function interface that makes this possible. Some examples of these mechanisms include:
- Java Native Interface (JNI)
- Java Native Access (JNA)
- A foreign function library for Python
- Managed Extensions
- SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator)
Existing wrapper libraries
[edit]Some examples of existing wrapper libraries: