SharePoint: Difference between revisions
Update for 2013, still going... |
related software/competitors section added. this should be more useful than previous attempts to list competitors. |
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|title = What is sharepoint? |
|title = What is sharepoint? |
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|work = Microsoft Office 2010 Answers |
|work = Microsoft Office 2010 Answers |
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|publisher = Microsoft}}</ref> SharePoint servers have traditionally been deployed for internal use in mid-size businesses and large departments<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gartner.com/doc/1209350/sharepoint--poised-broader-enterprise|title=SharePoint 2010 Is Poised for Broader Enterprise Adoption|date=19 October 2009|work=gartner.com|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> alongside [[Microsoft Exchange]], [[Microsoft Lync Server|Skype for Business]], and [[Office Web Applications|Office Web Application Server]]; but |
|publisher = Microsoft}}</ref> SharePoint servers have traditionally been deployed for internal use in mid-size businesses and large departments<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gartner.com/doc/1209350/sharepoint--poised-broader-enterprise|title=SharePoint 2010 Is Poised for Broader Enterprise Adoption|date=19 October 2009|work=gartner.com|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> alongside [[Microsoft Exchange]], [[Microsoft Lync Server|Skype for Business]], and [[Office Web Applications|Office Web Application Server]]; but Microsoft's '[[Office 365]]' [[software as a service]] offering (which includes a version of SharePoint) has led to increased usage of the SharePoint in smaller organisations.<ref>{{Citation|title = https://youtube.com/devicesupport|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKY3scPIMd8&feature=youtube_gdata_player|date = 2015-04-17|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> |
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While Office 365 provides SharePoint as a service, Installing SharePoint "on-premise" typically requires multiple virtual machines, at least two separate physical servers, and is a somewhat significant installation and configuration effort. The software is based on an [[n-tier]] [[service oriented architecture]]. Enterprise application software (for example, email servers, [[enterprise resource planning|ERP]], [[BI]] and [[customer relationship management|CRM]] products) often either require or integrate with elements of SharePoint. As an application platform, SharePoint provides central management, governance, and security controls.<ref name="evalguide">{{cite web |
While Office 365 provides SharePoint as a service, Installing SharePoint "on-premise" typically requires multiple virtual machines, at least two separate physical servers, and is a somewhat significant installation and configuration effort.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = SharePoint 2013 farm planning and sizing - Faisal (Sal) Bawany’s TechNet Blog - Site Home - TechNet Blogs|url = http://blogs.technet.com/b/salbawany/archive/2014/07/06/sharepoint-2013-farm-design-and-deployment-sorting-through-the-information-overload.aspx|website = blogs.technet.com|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> The software is based on an [[n-tier]] [[service oriented architecture]].<ref name=":0" /> Enterprise application software (for example, email servers, [[enterprise resource planning|ERP]], [[BI]] and [[customer relationship management|CRM]] products) often either require or integrate with elements of SharePoint. As an application platform, SharePoint provides central management, governance, and security controls.<ref name="evalguide">{{cite web |
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|url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/0/B/0/0B06C453-8F7D-4D8E-A5E5-D50DC6F8D8F4/SharePoint_2010_Evaluation_Guide.pdf |
|url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/0/B/0/0B06C453-8F7D-4D8E-A5E5-D50DC6F8D8F4/SharePoint_2010_Evaluation_Guide.pdf |
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|title=SharePoint 2010 Overview Evaluation Guide |
|title=SharePoint 2010 Overview Evaluation Guide |
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|publisher=Microsoft Corporation |
|publisher=Microsoft Corporation |
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|format = PDF |
|format = PDF |
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}}</ref> The SharePoint platform |
}}</ref> The SharePoint platform and manages [[Internet Information Services]] (IIS) via farm-based management tooling. |
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Since the release of SharePoint 2013, Microsoft's primary channel for distribution of SharePoint has been [[Office 365]], where the product is [[DevOps|continuously being upgraded]]. "On-premises versions" are released every few years, and represent a supported 'snapshot' of the cloud software. Microsoft currently has three tiers of pricing for SharePoint 2013, including a free version ( |
Since the release of SharePoint 2013, Microsoft's primary channel for distribution of SharePoint has been [[Office 365]], where the product is [[DevOps|continuously being upgraded]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = SharePoint Server 2016 update|url = http://blogs.office.com/2015/04/16/sharepoint-server-2016-update/|website = Office Blogs|accessdate = 2015-05-19|first = SharePoint|last = Team}}</ref> "On-premises versions" are released every few years, and represent a supported 'snapshot' of the cloud software. Microsoft currently has three tiers of pricing for SharePoint 2013, including a free version (whose future is currently uncertain<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = Benjamin Niaulin on Twitter|url = https://twitter.com/bniaulin/status/598518661561847808|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref>). SharePoint 2013 is also resold through a cloud model by many third-party vendors.<ref name="third-party vendors">{{Citeweb |
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|url = http://rcpmag.com/articles/2011/10/26/8-third-party-sharepoint-vendors-to-watch.aspx |
|url = http://rcpmag.com/articles/2011/10/26/8-third-party-sharepoint-vendors-to-watch.aspx |
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|title = 8 Third-Party SharePoint Vendors to Watch |
|title = 8 Third-Party SharePoint Vendors to Watch |
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=== Enterprise Content and Document Management === |
=== Enterprise Content and Document Management === |
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{{main|Enterprise content management}} |
{{main|Enterprise content management|document management}} |
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SharePoint is often used to store, track, and manage electronic documents and assets. Integration with the Office Suite, Office Apps on Mobile Devices, and Office Web Apps enable editing scenarios, while [[OneDrive for Business]] (or third-party tools) enable offline synchronisation. It provides integrated version history tracking, collaborative live editing, and search capabilities. These capabilities are configurable to comply with record management or legal discovery requirements. SharePoint also provides search and 'graph' functionality enabling tracking of projects, documents, and users. |
SharePoint is often used to store, track, and manage electronic documents and assets. Integration with the Office Suite, Office Apps on Mobile Devices, and Office Web Apps enable editing scenarios, while [[OneDrive for Business]] (or third-party tools) enable offline synchronisation. It provides integrated version history tracking, collaborative live editing, and search capabilities. These capabilities are configurable to comply with record management or legal discovery requirements. SharePoint also provides search and 'graph' functionality enabling tracking of projects, documents, and users.<ref>{{Cite web|title = SharePoint – Team Collaboration Software Tools|url = https://products.office.com/en-US/sharepoint?legRedir=true&CorrelationId=128316d1-cf5b-4f25-8964-5fa3031fe12c|website = Microsoft Office|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> Centralised location for storing, versioning, and collaborating on documents significantly reduce dependence on email for collaboration. |
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=== Personal Cloud === |
=== Personal Cloud === |
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It provides easy to access 'advanced editing' capabilities for HTML/ASPX pages, and workflow editing. |
It provides easy to access 'advanced editing' capabilities for HTML/ASPX pages, and workflow editing. |
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WYSIWYG HTML editing features were removed in SharePoint 2013, and the product is expected to be deprecated in SharePoint 2016. |
WYSIWYG HTML editing features were removed in SharePoint 2013, and the product is expected to be deprecated in SharePoint 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Ignite 2015 Announcement – There will be no SharePoint Designer 2016 - Eric Overfield|url = http://ericoverfield.com/ignite-2015-announcement-there-will-be-no-sharepoint-designer-2016/|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> |
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=== Powershell & Central Administration === |
=== Powershell & Central Administration === |
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* Service applications: It is possible to integrate directly into the SharePoint [[Service-oriented architecture|SOA]] bus, at a farm level. |
* Service applications: It is possible to integrate directly into the SharePoint [[Service-oriented architecture|SOA]] bus, at a farm level. |
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Customization may be surfaced via |
Customization may be surfaced via: |
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* Application-to-application integration with SharePoint |
* Application-to-application integration with SharePoint. |
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* Extensions to SharePoint functionality (e.g. custom workflow actions) |
* Extensions to SharePoint functionality (e.g. custom workflow actions). |
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* 'Web Parts' (also known as "portlets", "widgets", or "gadgets") that provide new functionality when added to a page |
* 'Web Parts' (also known as "portlets", "widgets", or "gadgets") that provide new functionality when added to a page. |
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* Pages/sites or page/site templates<ref name="devvid" /> |
* Pages/sites or page/site templates.<ref name="devvid" /> |
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==Content Structure== |
==Content Structure== |
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=== Pages === |
=== Pages === |
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SharePoint provides free-form editable pages, which can be modified using the ribbon. Pages are stored as 'aspx' files, in libraries. Features exist for publishing and enterprise wiki pages, which have functionality such as the ability to surface metadata, set custom URLs, control [[SEO]] metadata, and define custom layout and designs. |
SharePoint provides free-form editable pages, which can be modified using the ribbon. Pages are stored as 'aspx' files, in libraries. Features exist for publishing and enterprise wiki pages, which have functionality such as the ability to surface metadata, set custom URLs, control [[SEO]] metadata, and define custom layout and designs. |
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===Web |
===Web-Parts & App-Parts=== |
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Web parts and App parts are components (also known as [[portlets]]) that can be inserted into Pages. They are used to display information from both SharePoint and third party applications. |
Web parts and App parts are components (also known as [[portlets]]) that can be inserted into Pages. They are used to display information from both SharePoint and third party applications. |
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===Lists, Libraries, and Content=== |
===Lists, Libraries, and Content=== |
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A library is a collection of files. In SharePoint, a library is a type of list. Each file is a content item. Libraries have extra features, such as synchronisation, viewing/editing, or managing files. |
A library is a collection of files. In SharePoint, a library is a type of list. Each file is a content item. Libraries have extra features, such as synchronisation, viewing/editing, or managing files. |
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A content type is a metadata definition. Lists can be configured to contain certain multiple content types, and will have columns for all fields in the associated content types. Some content types such as 'contact' or 'appointment' allow the list to expose advanced features such as Microsoft [[Outlook]] or [[Microsoft Project|Project]] synchronisation. |
A content type is a metadata definition. Lists can be configured to contain certain multiple content types, and will have columns for all fields in the associated content types. Some content types such as 'contact' or 'appointment' allow the list to expose advanced features such as Microsoft [[Outlook]] or [[Microsoft Project|Project]] synchronisation.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Introduction to Content Types|url = https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ms472236%28v=office.14%29.aspx|website = msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> |
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As of SharePoint 2013, in some locations, Lists and Libraries are referred to as 'apps' (despite being unrelated to the SharePoint app platform). |
As of SharePoint 2013, in some locations, Lists and Libraries are referred to as 'apps' (despite being unrelated to the SharePoint app platform). |
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===Microsoft SharePoint Foundation=== |
===Microsoft SharePoint Foundation=== |
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SharePoint Foundation is available for free on-premises deployment. It is dependent on various hardware/software requirements, including a proper license for Microsoft Windows Server.<ref>{{cite web|title=Licensing Details|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Licensing-Details.aspx |work=[[Microsoft.com]] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> It contains much of the core functionality and architecture drawn on by the commercial version of the package.<ref name=ms-sp-editions>{{cite web|title=Compare SharePoint Editions |url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx |work=[[Microsoft.com]] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> Microsoft is not expecting to release SharePoint 2016 |
SharePoint Foundation is available for free on-premises deployment. It is dependent on various hardware/software requirements, including a proper license for Microsoft Windows Server.<ref>{{cite web|title=Licensing Details|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Licensing-Details.aspx |work=[[Microsoft.com]] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> It contains much of the core functionality and architecture drawn on by the commercial version of the package.<ref name=ms-sp-editions>{{cite web|title=Compare SharePoint Editions |url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx |work=[[Microsoft.com]] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> Microsoft is not expecting to release a SharePoint Foundation 2016, and is currently considering different options for existing SharePoint Foundation customers.<ref name=":1" /> |
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===Microsoft SharePoint Standard=== |
===Microsoft SharePoint Standard=== |
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Microsoft SharePoint Standard builds on the Microsoft SharePoint Foundation in a few key product areas. |
Microsoft SharePoint Standard builds on the Microsoft SharePoint Foundation in a few key product areas. |
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* '''Sites:''' Audience targeting, governance tools, Secure store service, [[web analytics]] functionality<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison -Sites|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Sites|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
* '''Sites:''' Audience targeting, governance tools, Secure store service, [[web analytics]] functionality.<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison -Sites|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Sites|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
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* '''Communities:''' 'MySites' (personal profiles including skills management, and search tools), enterprise wikis, organization hierarchy browser, tags and notes<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison - Communities|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Communities|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
* '''Communities:''' 'MySites' (personal profiles including skills management, and search tools), enterprise wikis, organization hierarchy browser, tags and notes.<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison - Communities|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Communities|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
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* '''Content:''' Improved tooling and compliance for document & record management, managed metadata, word automation services, content type management<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison - Content|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Content|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
* '''Content:''' Improved tooling and compliance for document & record management, managed metadata, word automation services, content type management.<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison - Content|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Content|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
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* '''Search:''' Better search results, search customization abilities, mobile search, 'Did you mean?', OS search integration, Faceted Search, and metadata/relevancy/date/location based refinement options<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison-earch|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Search|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
* '''Search:''' Better search results, search customization abilities, mobile search, 'Did you mean?', OS search integration, Faceted Search, and metadata/relevancy/date/location based refinement options.<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison-earch|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Search|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
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* '''Composites: ''' Pre-built workflow templates, BCS profile pages<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison -Composites|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Composites|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
* '''Composites: ''' Pre-built workflow templates, BCS profile pages.<ref>{{cite web|title=SharePoint 2010 Editions Comparison -Composites|url=http://sharepoint.microsoft.com/en-us/buy/Pages/Editions-Comparison.aspx?Capability=Composites|work=Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Marketing Website|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> |
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SharePoint Standard licensing includes a CAL (client access license) component and a server fee. SharePoint Standard may also be licensed through a cloud model. |
SharePoint Standard licensing includes a CAL (client access license) component and a server fee. SharePoint Standard may also be licensed through a cloud model. |
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It is possible to upgrade a SharePoint farm from Foundation to Standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262342.aspx |title=Upgrade from SharePoint Foundation 2010 to SharePoint Server 2010 |publisher=Technet.microsoft.com |date=2010-06-10 |accessdate=2013-06-15}}</ref> |
It is possible to upgrade a SharePoint farm from Foundation to Standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262342.aspx |title=Upgrade from SharePoint Foundation 2010 to SharePoint Server 2010 |publisher=Technet.microsoft.com |date=2010-06-10 |accessdate=2013-06-15}}</ref> |
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===Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise=== |
===Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise=== |
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Built upon SharePoint Standard, [[Microsoft]] SharePoint Enterprise features can be unlocked simply by providing an additional license key |
Built upon SharePoint Standard, [[Microsoft]] SharePoint Enterprise features can be unlocked simply by providing an additional license key. |
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Extra features in SharePoint Enterprise includes: |
Extra features in SharePoint Enterprise includes: |
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* Search thumbnails and previews, rich web indexing, better search results |
* Search thumbnails and previews, rich web indexing, better search results. |
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* BI Integration, Dashboards, and Business Data surfacing |
* BI Integration, Dashboards, and Business Data surfacing. |
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* [[PowerPivot]] |
* [[PowerPivot]] and [[PerformancePoint]]. |
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⚫ | |||
* [[PerformancePoint]] |
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⚫ | |||
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SharePoint Enterprise licensing includes a CAL component and a server fee that must be purchased ''in addition to'' SharePoint Server licensing. SharePoint Enterprise may also be licensed through a cloud model. |
SharePoint Enterprise licensing includes a CAL component and a server fee that must be purchased ''in addition to'' SharePoint Server licensing. SharePoint Enterprise may also be licensed through a cloud model. |
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| [[Excel Services]] || A server technology included in SharePoint 2010 and SharePoint 2007 that enables users to load, calculate, and display [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]] 2010 workbooks on SharePoint Server 2010 || Active || |
| [[Excel Services]] || A server technology included in SharePoint 2010 and SharePoint 2007 that enables users to load, calculate, and display [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]] 2010 workbooks on SharePoint Server 2010 || Active || |
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| [[Microsoft SharePoint Workspace|SharePoint Workspace]] || A client-side |
| [[Microsoft SharePoint Workspace|SharePoint Workspace]] || A client-side SharePoint site synchronization component included in [[Microsoft Office 2010]] (Professional Plus edition and higher). || Discontinued || |
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|- |
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|[[OneDrive|OneDrive for Business]] |
|[[OneDrive|OneDrive for Business]] |
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|A client-side |
|A client-side file synchronization component included in [[Microsoft Office 2010|Microsoft Office 2013]] and available for free download. |
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|Active |
|Active |
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|[[OneDrive]] for Mac |
|[[OneDrive]] for Mac |
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|A client-side |
|A client-side file synchronization component available for free download. |
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|Active |
|Active |
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|- |
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| [[SharePoint Foundation]] ||A free download of core SharePoint functionality. || |
| [[SharePoint Foundation]] ||A free download of core SharePoint functionality. || Uncertain || <ref name=":1" /> |
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* Removal of some analytics capabilties |
* Removal of some analytics capabilties |
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* UI: JSLink, MDS, theme packs. No WYSIWYG in SP Designer. |
* UI: JSLink, MDS, theme packs. No WYSIWYG in SP Designer. |
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== Related Software and Competitors == |
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=== Enterprise Content Management<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title = Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Content Management|url = http://www.gartner.com/technology/reprints.do?id=1-22DOTDU&ct=140929&st=sb|website = www.gartner.com|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> === |
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Gartner 'Magic Quadrant'<ref name=":2" /> Competitors: |
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* [[EMC Documentum]] |
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* [[OpenText]] |
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* [[Onbase]] |
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* [[FileNet|IBM FileNet]] |
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* [[Oracle Corporation]] |
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* [[Perceptive Content]] |
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Other notable players: |
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* [[HP TRIM Records Management System|HP Records Management]] |
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* [[Alfresco]] (open source) |
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* [[Xerox DocuShare]] |
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* [[Newgen ECM Suite]] |
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=== Personal Cloud for Business<ref>{{Cite web|title = http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/cloud-storage-provider-comparison,3905.html|url = http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/cloud-storage-provider-comparison,3905.html|website = www.tomshardware.com|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref> === |
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* [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]] |
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* [[Box (company)|Box]] |
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* [[Google Drive]] |
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* [[Tonido]] |
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=== Intranet & Corporate Social Network'''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Why These 6 Enterprise Social Platforms Lead the Way|url = http://www.cmswire.com/cms/social-business/why-these-6-enterprise-social-platforms-lead-the-way-025527.php|accessdate = 2015-05-19}}</ref>''' === |
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* [[Yammer]] |
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* [[VMWare SocialCast]] |
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* [[Slack (software)|Slack]] |
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* [[Salesforce Chatter]] |
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* [[Jive (software)|Jive]] |
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* [[TIBCO Software]] |
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* [[IBM Connections]] |
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=== Extranet or Web Content Management === |
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* [[Drupal]] |
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* [[Joomla]] |
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* [[MODX|modx]] |
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* [[WordPress]] |
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* [[DotNetNuke]] |
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* [[Umbraco]] |
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* See also [[List of content management systems]] |
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* For extranets, also see: ECM (above) |
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=== Software Framework === |
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See: [[Web application frameworks]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 12:27, 19 May 2015
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) |
File:SharePoint logo 2013.png | |
SharePoint 2010 web interface | |
Developer(s) | Microsoft Corporation |
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Initial release | 2001 |
Stable release | 2013 SP1 + CU 12/2014
/ 9 December 2014 |
Operating system | Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012[1] |
Platform | x64 / ASP.net 4.5 |
Available in | Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian,Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, South Africa, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish and Ukrainian[2] |
Type | Content Management Systems |
License | Proprietary software SharePoint Foundation: Freeware Other editions: Trialware |
Website | sharepoint |
SharePoint is a web application platform in the Microsoft Office server suite. Launched in 2001,[3] SharePoint combines various functions which are traditionally separate applications: intranet, extranet, content management, document management, personal cloud, corporate social network, enterprise search, business intelligence, workflow management, web content management, and an enterprise application store.[4][5] SharePoint servers have traditionally been deployed for internal use in mid-size businesses and large departments[6] alongside Microsoft Exchange, Skype for Business, and Office Web Application Server; but Microsoft's 'Office 365' software as a service offering (which includes a version of SharePoint) has led to increased usage of the SharePoint in smaller organisations.[7]
While Office 365 provides SharePoint as a service, Installing SharePoint "on-premise" typically requires multiple virtual machines, at least two separate physical servers, and is a somewhat significant installation and configuration effort.[8] The software is based on an n-tier service oriented architecture.[8] Enterprise application software (for example, email servers, ERP, BI and CRM products) often either require or integrate with elements of SharePoint. As an application platform, SharePoint provides central management, governance, and security controls.[9] The SharePoint platform and manages Internet Information Services (IIS) via farm-based management tooling.
Since the release of SharePoint 2013, Microsoft's primary channel for distribution of SharePoint has been Office 365, where the product is continuously being upgraded.[10] "On-premises versions" are released every few years, and represent a supported 'snapshot' of the cloud software. Microsoft currently has three tiers of pricing for SharePoint 2013, including a free version (whose future is currently uncertain[11]). SharePoint 2013 is also resold through a cloud model by many third-party vendors.[12] The next "on-premisis" release will be SharePoint 2016, which is expected have increased hybrid cloud integration.
Applications
The most common uses of the SharePoint include:
Enterprise Content and Document Management
SharePoint is often used to store, track, and manage electronic documents and assets. Integration with the Office Suite, Office Apps on Mobile Devices, and Office Web Apps enable editing scenarios, while OneDrive for Business (or third-party tools) enable offline synchronisation. It provides integrated version history tracking, collaborative live editing, and search capabilities. These capabilities are configurable to comply with record management or legal discovery requirements. SharePoint also provides search and 'graph' functionality enabling tracking of projects, documents, and users.[13] Centralised location for storing, versioning, and collaborating on documents significantly reduce dependence on email for collaboration.
Personal Cloud
SharePoint Server hosts OneDrive for Business, which allows storage and synchronisation of files across devices, and public/private file sharing.
Intranet & Corporate Social Network
A SharePoint intranet or intranet portal is a way to centralize access to enterprise information and applications. It is a tool that helps a company manage its internal communications, applications and information more easily. Microsoft claims that this has organizational benefits such as increased employee engagement, centralizing process management, reducing new staff on-boarding costs, and providing the means to capture and share tacit knowledge (e.g. via tools such as wikis/blogs).
Extranet & Web Content Management
SharePoint can be used to provide web-facing access to external users. Organizations often use functionality like this to integrate third parties into supply chain or business processes, to provide a shared collaboration environment[14], or as part of delivering a product to a customer.
Using the 'Publishing' features, SharePoint can be used to manage public websites. It has publishing workflow, authoring, multilingual, and scaling features suited to managing larger websites.[14]
Software framework
SharePoint's development stack provides an additional layer of services and that reduce custom development required to provide a working application.[15] It may also be referred to as a web application framework. SharePoint 2013's "App Development" model provides these services through standards such as REST, SAML, and JSONP. A multitude of APIs enable enterprise application developers to exploit SharePoint's security and information management capabilities across a variety of development platforms and scenarios.
Configuration and customization
Web-based configuration
SharePoint is primarily configured through a web browser. The web-based user interface provides most the configuration capability of the product.
Depending on your permission level, the web interface can be used to:
- Manipulate content and page design..
- Manipulate content structure, site structure, create/delete sites, modify navigation and security, or add/remove apps.
- Enable or disable product features, upload custom designs/themes, or turn on integrations with other Office products.
- Configure basic workflows, view usage analytics, manage metadata, configure search options, upload customisations, and set up integration.[16]
SharePoint Designer
SharePoint Designer is a 'fork' of Microsoft FrontPage, used to provide a faster configuration UI for some features in SharePoint.
It provides easy to access 'advanced editing' capabilities for HTML/ASPX pages, and workflow editing.
WYSIWYG HTML editing features were removed in SharePoint 2013, and the product is expected to be deprecated in SharePoint 2016.[17]
Powershell & Central Administration
Microsoft SharePoint's Server Features are configured either using Powershell, or a Web UI called "Central Administration". Configuration of server farm settings (e.g. search crawl, web application services) can be handled through these central tools.
While Central Administration is limited to farm-wide settings (config DB), Powershell additionally surfaces some limited tools for administering or adjusting settings for sites or site collections in content databases.
A limited subset of these features are available in SharePoint SaaS distributions.
Custom Development
- The SharePoint "App Model" provides various types of external applications the capability to show authenticated web-based applications through a variety of UI mechanisms. Apps may be either "SharePoint-hosted" , or "Provider-hosted". Provider hosted apps may be developed using most back-end web technologies (e.g. ASP.net, NodeJS, PHP). Apps are served through a proxy in SharePoint, which requires some DNS/certificate manipulation in on-premesis versions of SharePoint.
- The SharePoint "Client Object Model" (available for JavaScript and .NET), and REST/SOAP APIs can be referenced from many environments, providing authenticated users access to a wide variety of SharePoint capabilities.[18]
- "Sand-boxed" plugins can be uploaded by any end-user who has been granted permission. These are security-restricted, and can be governed at multiple levels (including resource consumption management). In multi-tenant cloud environments, these are the only customizations that are typically allowed.
- Farm features are typically fully trusted code that need to be installed at a farm-level. These are considered deprecated for new development.
- Service applications: It is possible to integrate directly into the SharePoint SOA bus, at a farm level.
Customization may be surfaced via:
- Application-to-application integration with SharePoint.
- Extensions to SharePoint functionality (e.g. custom workflow actions).
- 'Web Parts' (also known as "portlets", "widgets", or "gadgets") that provide new functionality when added to a page.
- Pages/sites or page/site templates.[18]
Content Structure
Pages
SharePoint provides free-form editable pages, which can be modified using the ribbon. Pages are stored as 'aspx' files, in libraries. Features exist for publishing and enterprise wiki pages, which have functionality such as the ability to surface metadata, set custom URLs, control SEO metadata, and define custom layout and designs.
Web-Parts & App-Parts
Web parts and App parts are components (also known as portlets) that can be inserted into Pages. They are used to display information from both SharePoint and third party applications.
Lists, Libraries, and Content
A list is a data storage tool. It contains content items, with named data fields. List 'columns' allow you to view the data fields, and views of these columns are configured the list's settings.
A library is a collection of files. In SharePoint, a library is a type of list. Each file is a content item. Libraries have extra features, such as synchronisation, viewing/editing, or managing files.
A content type is a metadata definition. Lists can be configured to contain certain multiple content types, and will have columns for all fields in the associated content types. Some content types such as 'contact' or 'appointment' allow the list to expose advanced features such as Microsoft Outlook or Project synchronisation.[19]
As of SharePoint 2013, in some locations, Lists and Libraries are referred to as 'apps' (despite being unrelated to the SharePoint app platform).
Sites
A SharePoint Site is a collection of pages, lists, and libraries. A site may contain sub-sites, and those sites may contain further sub-sites. Sites can be created according to pre-packaged functionality. Examples of Site templates in SharePoint include: collaboration (team) sites, wiki sites, blank sites, and publishing sites.
Search
SharePoint contains a re-worked version of Fast Search & Transfer's search technology, which combines advanced search and analytics features. This feature is highly customisable.
The content of documents (including PDFs) are searched.
On-Premesis Architecture
On-premesis SharePoint can be scaled down to operate entirely from one developer machine, or scaled up to be managed across hundreds of machines.[20] While architecture considerations are relatively complex, a broad overview is below:
Farms
A SharePoint farm is a logical grouping of SharePoint servers that share common resources.[21] A farm typically operates stand-alone, but can also subscribe to functions from another farm, or provide functions to another farm. Each farm has its own central configuration database, which is managed through either a PowerShell interface, or a Central Administration website (which relies partly on PowerShell's infrastructure). Each server in the farm is able to directly interface with the central configuration database. Servers use this to configure services (e.g. IIS, windows features, database connections) to match the requirements of the farm, and to report server health issues, resource allocation issues, etc.
Web applications
Web Applications (WAs) are top-level containers for content in a SharePoint farm, and are typically the interface through which a user interacts with SharePoint. A web application is associated with a set of access mappings or URLs defined in the SharePoint central management console, then automatically replicated into the IIS configuration of every server configured in the farm. WAs are typically independent of each other, have their own application pools, and can be restarted independently in Internet Information Services.[20]
Site collections
A site collection is used to provide a grouping of 'SharePoint Sites'. Each web application typically has at least one site collection. Site collections may be associated with their own content databases, or they may share a content database with other site collections in the same web application.[20] A site collection may contain one or more sites. A site collection is a group of sites that are functionally, navigationally, and administratively related to one another.
Service applications
Service Applications (SAs) provide granular pieces of SharePoint functionality to other web and service applications in the farm. Examples of service applications include the User Profile Sync service, and the Search Indexing service. A SA can be turned off, exist on one server, or be load-balanced across many servers in a farm. SAs are designed to be as independent as possible, so that—depending on the SA—restarting an SA, experiencing an SA failure, or misconfiguring an SA may not necessarily prevent the farm from operating. Each SA enabled on the farm typically has its own process that requires a certain amount of RAM to operate, and typically also has its own configuration database and Active Directory (AD) service account. SharePoint Server and SharePoint Enterprise include all the SharePoint Foundation SAs, as well as additional SAs.[20]
Administration, Security, Compliance
SharePoint's architecture enables 'least-privileges' execution permission model.[22]
SharePoint Central Administration (the CA) is a web application that typically exists on a single server in the farm, however it is also able to be deployed for redundancy to multiple servers.[20] This application provides a complete centralized management interface for web & service applications in the SharePoint farm, including AD account management for web & service applications. In the event of the failure of the CA, Windows PowerShell is typically used on the CA server to reconfigure the farm.
The structure of the SharePoint platform enables multiple WAs to exist on a single farm. In a shared (cloud) hosting environment, owners of these WAs may require their own management console. The SharePoint 'Tenant Administration' (TA) is an optional web application used by web application owners to manage how their web application interacts with the shared resources in the farm.[20]
Compliance, standards and integration
- SharePoint integrates with Microsoft Office 2007 and 2010. "Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007" (MOSS 2007), the previous version of SharePoint, was considered part of the Microsoft Office Suite.
- SharePoint uses Microsoft's OpenXML document standard for integration with Microsoft Office. Document metadata is also stored using this format.
- SharePoint 2010 provides various application programming interfaces (APIs: client-side, server-side, JavaScript) and REST, SOAP and OData based interfaces.
- SharePoint 2010 can be used to achieve compliance with many document retention, record management, document ID and discovery laws.[23]
- SharePoint 2007 and 2010 are compatible with CMIS - the Content Management Interoperability Standard, using Microsoft's CMIS Connector.
- SharePoint 2010 by default produces valid XHTML 1.0 that is compliant with WCAG 2.0 AA accessibility standards.
- SharePoint 2010 can use claims-based authentication, relying on SAML tokens for security assertions. SharePoint provides an open authentication plugin model.
- SharePoint 2013 adds support for XLIFF to support the localization of content in SharePoint.[24] Also added support for AppFabric.[25]
SharePoint editions
A summary of the SharePoint versions can be found here.[26]
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation
SharePoint Foundation is available for free on-premises deployment. It is dependent on various hardware/software requirements, including a proper license for Microsoft Windows Server.[27] It contains much of the core functionality and architecture drawn on by the commercial version of the package.[28] Microsoft is not expecting to release a SharePoint Foundation 2016, and is currently considering different options for existing SharePoint Foundation customers.[11]
Microsoft SharePoint Standard
Microsoft SharePoint Standard builds on the Microsoft SharePoint Foundation in a few key product areas.
- Sites: Audience targeting, governance tools, Secure store service, web analytics functionality.[29]
- Communities: 'MySites' (personal profiles including skills management, and search tools), enterprise wikis, organization hierarchy browser, tags and notes.[30]
- Content: Improved tooling and compliance for document & record management, managed metadata, word automation services, content type management.[31]
- Search: Better search results, search customization abilities, mobile search, 'Did you mean?', OS search integration, Faceted Search, and metadata/relevancy/date/location based refinement options.[32]
- Composites: Pre-built workflow templates, BCS profile pages.[33]
SharePoint Standard licensing includes a CAL (client access license) component and a server fee. SharePoint Standard may also be licensed through a cloud model.
It is possible to upgrade a SharePoint farm from Foundation to Standard.[34]
Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise
Built upon SharePoint Standard, Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise features can be unlocked simply by providing an additional license key.
Extra features in SharePoint Enterprise includes:
- Search thumbnails and previews, rich web indexing, better search results.
- BI Integration, Dashboards, and Business Data surfacing.
- PowerPivot and PerformancePoint.
- Microsoft Office Access, Visio, Excel, and InfoPath Forms services.
- SharePoint Enterprise Search extensions.[35]
SharePoint Enterprise licensing includes a CAL component and a server fee that must be purchased in addition to SharePoint Server licensing. SharePoint Enterprise may also be licensed through a cloud model.
SharePoint Online
Microsoft's hosted SharePoint product is offered as part of their Office 365 product. The on-line version has a constantly changing feature-set and licencing arrangements, but is typically comparable with SharePoint Enterprise.[36] Currently, additional capabilities include:
- 'NextGen Portals'
- Microsoft Delve
- Yammer Integration & Office 365 Groups
- Integration with Outlook Web App
- Newer versions of Online Office Document Editor Tools
- Small business web publishing capabilities
- Removal of various file size/number limitations
Missing capabilities include
- Task roll-up feature
- Some BI features must be purchased as part of Power BI
- Some search & UI customisations are not possible and/or not recommended
- Web publishing capabilities are significantly limited for larger organisations
- Limited Tenant Administration options
N.B. Changes in SharePoint Online are listed on the Office Roadmap.
Related products
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2014) |
Product name | Description | Status | |
---|---|---|---|
Search Server | An enterprise search platform based on the search capabilities of SharePoint. A Freeware Express edition was once available. | Discontinued | |
FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint | Search product that can be implemented on SharePoint Foundation | Discontinued | [37][38][39] |
SharePoint Designer | A free, client-side customization and configuration tool for SharePoint | Deprecated | |
Microsoft Office | Desktop, Mobile, and Tablet based Office Productivity Suite. | ||
Office Web Apps | Web-based, online, cross-browser compatible versions of Excel, Word, PowerPoint and OneNote. Directly Integrate with SharePoint. | Active | |
Project Server | An extension to SharePoint providing integration with Microsoft Project | Active | |
InfoPath Forms Services | Allows InfoPath forms to be hosted in a SharePoint web site and served via web browser | Deprecated | |
Excel Services | A server technology included in SharePoint 2010 and SharePoint 2007 that enables users to load, calculate, and display Excel 2010 workbooks on SharePoint Server 2010 | Active | |
SharePoint Workspace | A client-side SharePoint site synchronization component included in Microsoft Office 2010 (Professional Plus edition and higher). | Discontinued | |
OneDrive for Business | A client-side file synchronization component included in Microsoft Office 2013 and available for free download. | Active | |
OneDrive for Mac | A client-side file synchronization component available for free download. | Active | |
SharePoint Foundation | A free download of core SharePoint functionality. | Uncertain | [11] |
History
Origins
SharePoint evolved from projects codenamed "Office Server" and "Tahoe" during the Office XP development cycle.
"Office Server" evolved out of the FrontPage and Office Server Extensions and "Team Pages". It targeted simple, bottom-up collaboration.
"Tahoe", built on shared technology with Exchange and the “Digital Dashboard”, targeted top-down portals, search and document management. The searching and indexing capabilities of SharePoint came from the "Tahoe" feature set. The search and indexing features were a combination of the index and crawling features from the Microsoft Site Server family of products and from the query language of Microsoft Index Server.[40]
Versions
Successive versions (in chronological order):
- Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server 2001
- Microsoft SharePoint Team Services (2002)
- Windows SharePoint Services 2.0 (free license) - Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server 2003 (commercial release)
- Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 (free license) - plus Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 (commercial extension)[3]
- Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 (free) - plus Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 (commercial extension for Foundation), and SharePoint Enterprise 2010 (commercial extension for Server)
- Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2013 (free) - plus Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013 (extension on top of Foundation)
A next SharePoint release is announced for 2016, Jeff Teper, the Corporate Vice President of Office Service and Servers group at Microsoft, noted: "Our server releases will include some, but not all, of the experience you saw today due to the computational power and integrated aspects that only come with Office 365."[41]
Notable changes in SharePoint Foundation 2010
Changes in end-user functionality added in the 2010 version of SharePoint include:
- New UI with Fluent Ribbon, using wiki-pages rather than 'web-part pages' and offering mutli-browser support.
- social profiles and early social networking features
- Central Administration rebuilt.
- Restructure of "Shared Service Providers" - Introduction of "Service Applications" SOA model.
- Sandboxed Solutions, and a client-side object-model APIs for JavaScript, Silverlight, and .NET applications
- Business Connectivity Services, Claims-based Authentication, and Windows PowerShell support
Notable changes in SharePoint 2013
- Cross-browser drag & drop support for file uploads/changes, and Follow/Share buttons
- OneDrive for Business (initially SkyDrive Pro) replaces MySites, OneDrive also replaces SharePoint Workspaces.
- Updates to social network feature & new task aggregation tool.
- database caching, called Distributed Cache Service[42]
- Content-aware switching, called Management
- Audit center (service called eDiscovery)
- Rebuilt and improved search capabilities
- Removal of some analytics capabilties
- UI: JSLink, MDS, theme packs. No WYSIWYG in SP Designer.
Related Software and Competitors
Enterprise Content Management[43]
Gartner 'Magic Quadrant'[43] Competitors:
Other notable players:
- HP Records Management
- Alfresco (open source)
- Xerox DocuShare
- Newgen ECM Suite
Personal Cloud for Business[44]
Intranet & Corporate Social Network[45]
Extranet or Web Content Management
- Drupal
- Joomla
- modx
- WordPress
- DotNetNuke
- Umbraco
- See also List of content management systems
- For extranets, also see: ECM (above)
Software Framework
See: Web application frameworks.
See also
References
- ^ "Hardware and Software Requirements for SharePoint 2013". Microsoft TechNet. Microsoft Corporation. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ "Language Offerings for SharePoint 2010 Products". Microsoft SharePoint Team Blog. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ a b Oleson, Joel (28 December 2007). "7 Years of SharePoint - A History Lesson". Joel Oleson's Blog - SharePoint Land. Microsoft Corporation. MSDN Blogs. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ Gilbert, Mark R.; Shegda, Karen M.; Phifer, Gene; Mann, Jeffrey (19 October 2009). "SharePoint 2010 Is Poised for Broader Enterprise Adoption". Gartner. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ "What is sharepoint?". Microsoft Office 2010 Answers. Microsoft.
- ^ "SharePoint 2010 Is Poised for Broader Enterprise Adoption". gartner.com. 19 October 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ https://youtube.com/devicesupport, 17 April 2015, retrieved 19 May 2015
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- ^ Video: Ribbon highlights In SharePoint 2010. Microsoft Office website. Microsoft. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
- ^ "Ignite 2015 Announcement – There will be no SharePoint Designer 2016 - Eric Overfield". Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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- ^ Kate Kelly, Jesus Barrera Ramos, and Marcus Reid. 16 October 2012. XLIFF in SharePoint 2013. Presentation at FEISGILTT 2012. <http://www.localizationworld.com/lwseattle2012/feisgiltt/FEISGILTT_2012_Program.pdf>
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- ^ How-To Videos - Microsoft Office. Microsoft.com. Retrieved on 2014-02-22.
- ^ a b "Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Content Management". www.gartner.com. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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External links