Polish Braille
Polish Braille | |
---|---|
Script type | alphabet
|
Print basis | Polish alphabet |
Languages | Polish |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
Base letter |
a |
c |
e |
l |
n |
s |
u |
y |
z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Derived letter |
ą |
ć |
ę |
ł |
ń |
ś |
ó |
ż |
ź |
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
[edit]Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
[edit]The full alphabet is this:
a |
ą |
b |
c |
ć |
d |
e |
ę |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
ł |
m |
n |
ń |
o |
ó |
p |
r |
s |
ś |
t |
u |
w |
y |
z |
ż |
ź |
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
[edit], |
. '[3] |
; |
: |
? |
! |
- — |
@ |
* |
/ |
\ |
# |
• |
% |
‰ | |||||||
° |
′ |
″ |
$ |
¢ |
₤ |
€ | ||||
© |
™ |
- Paired punctuation
“ ... ” |
‘ ... ’ |
( ... ) |
{ ... } (?)[4] |
[ ... ] |
⟨ ... ⟩ |
Formatting
[edit](cap) |
(l.c.) |
(emph.) |
External links
[edit]- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
[edit]- ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ^ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.