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In 1938, [[Chester Carlson]], a physicist working independently, invented a process for printing images using an electrically charged photoconductor-coated metal plate<ref name="USPTO02297691">{{cite web|last1=Carlson|first1=Chester|title=Electrophotography|url=http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=02297691|website=pdfpiw.uspto.gov|publisher=USPTO|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-date=February 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220095620/http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=02297691|url-status=live}}</ref> and dry powder "toner". However, it would take more than 20 years of refinement before the first automated machine to make copies was commercialized, using a document feeder, scanning light, and a [[Xerography#Process|rotating drum]].
[[Joseph C. Wilson (entrepreneur)|Joseph C. Wilson]], credited as the "founder of Xerox", took over Haloid from his father.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseph C. Wilson II - Leadership - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/leadership/20th-century-leaders/details?profile=joseph_c_wilson_ii |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref> He saw the promise of Carlson's invention and, in 1946, signed an agreement to develop it as a commercial product. Wilson remained as President/CEO of Xerox until 1967 and served as chairman until his death in 1971.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fowle |first=Farnsworth |date=1971-11-23 |title=Joseph C. Wilson of Xerox Dies at 61; Headed Presidential Panel on Health |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/23/archives/joseph-c-wilson-of-xerox-dies-at-61-headed-presidential-panel-on.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Made America? {{!}} Innovators {{!}} Joseph Wilson |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/wilson_hi.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref>
Looking for a term to differentiate its new system, Haloid hired a Greek scholar at [[Ohio State University]] and coined the term [[xerography]] from two Greek roots meaning "dry writing".<ref>{{cite book |last=Institute |first=Bathroom Readers |title=Uncle John's Legendary Lost Bathroom Reader |date=September 1999 |location=Ashland, Oregon |publisher=Bathroom Readers’ Press |page=64 |isbn=1-879682-74-5}}</ref>
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