Gerakan penentang

Gerakan penentang ialah usaha yang terancang oleh beberapa bahagian penduduk awam suatu negara untuk menggulingkan pemerintah atau penjajah/pasukan penjajah yang sah dan mengganggu kestabilan dan ketenteraman awam. Gerakan ini berusaha untuk merealisasikan misinya melalui perlawanan tanpa kekerasan (kadang-kadang disebut perlawanan sivil), atau dengan menggunakan kekuatan, baik bersenjata maupun tidak bersenjata. Dalam beberapa keadaan, seperti Norway semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, gerakan penentang dapat menggunakan cara kekerasan dan tanpa kekerasan, biasanya beroperasi di bawah organisasi yang berlainan dan juga bertindak di wilayah atau tempoh tertentu.^[1]

Catatan

^ On the relation between military and civil resistance in occupied Norway 1940–45, see Magne Skodvin, "Norwegian Non-violent Resistance during the German Occupation", in Adam Roberts (ed.), The Strategy of Civilian Defence: Non-violent Resistance to Aggression, Faber, London, 1967, pp. 136–53. (Also published as Civilian Resistance as a National Defense, Harrisburg, USA: Stackpole Books, 1968; and, with a new Introduction on "Czechoslovakia and Civilian Defence", as Civilian Resistance as a National Defence, Harmondsworth, UK/Baltimore, USA: Penguin Books, 1969. ISBN 0-14-021080-6.)

Rujukan

Gardam, Judith Gail (1993). Non-combatant Immunity as a Norm of International Humanitarian,Martinus Nijhoff ISBN 0-7923-2245-2.
Ticehurst, Rupert. The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict 30 April 1997, International Review of the Red Cross no 317, p. 125-134. ISSN 1560-7755

[1] On the relation between military and civil resistance in occupied Norway 1940–45, see Magne Skodvin, "Norwegian Non-violent Resistance during the German Occupation", in Adam Roberts (ed.), The Strategy of Civilian Defence: Non-violent Resistance to Aggression, Faber, London, 1967, pp. 136–53. (Also published as Civilian Resistance as a National Defense, Harrisburg, USA: Stackpole Books, 1968; and, with a new Introduction on "Czechoslovakia and Civilian Defence", as Civilian Resistance as a National Defence, Harmondsworth, UK/Baltimore, USA: Penguin Books, 1969. ISBN 0-14-021080-6.)

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