NOTE: This specification is outdated and currently not maintained. The Web Performance Working Group encourages authors and implementors to use High Resolution Time Level 2 (or its successor) instead of this document.
Abstract
This specification defines a JavaScript interface that provides the current time
in sub-millisecond resolution and such that it is not subject to system clock skew or adjustments.
Status of this
document
This section describes the status of this document at the time of
its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
can be found in the W3C technical reports
index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
This is the W3C Recommendation for "High Resolution Time
Specification".
An implementation
report, produced during the Candidate Recommendation phase in 2012, is
available based on
the High Resolution Time test suite.
Please send comments
to public-web-perf@w3.org
(archived)
with [HighResolutionTime] at the start of the subject line.
No changes were done to this specification during the Proposed
Recommendation period.
This document is produced by
the Web Performance
Working Group.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software
developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is
endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or cited from another
document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention
to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This
enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
This document was produced by a group operating under
the 5
February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains
a public list of any patent disclosures made in
connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also
includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who
has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes
contains Essential
Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance
with section
6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
Table of Contents
- 1
Introduction
- 2
Conformance requirements
- 3 Terminology
- 4 High Resolution Time
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 The
DOMHighResTimeStamp Type
- 4.3 Extensions to the
Performance interface
- 4.4 Monotonic Clock
- 4.5 Privacy and Security
- 5 References
- Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
This section is non-normative.
The ECMAScript Language Specification defines the Date object as a time value representing time in milliseconds since 01 January, 1970 UTC. For most purposes, this definition of time is sufficient as
these values represent time to millisecond precision for any instant that is within approximately 285,616 years from
01 January, 1970 UTC. The DOMTimeStamp is defined similarly.
In practice, these definitions of time are subject to both clock skew and adjustment of the system clock. The value of time may not always be monotonically increasing and subsequent values may either decrease
or remain the same.
For example, the following script may log a positive number, negative number, or zero.
var mark_start = Date.now();
doTask(); // Some task
if (window.console) window.console.log('Duration of task: ' + (Date.now() - mark_start));
For certain tasks this definition of time may not be sufficient as it does not allow for sub-millisecond resolution and is subject to system clock skew. For example,
-
When attempting to accurately measure the elapsed time of navigating to a Document, fetching of resources or execution of script, a monotonically increasing clock
with sub-millisecond resolution is desired.
-
When calculating the animation state from script, developers will need to accurately know the amount of time that has elapsed in the animation in order to properly update the
next scene of the animation.
-
When calculating the frame rate of a script based animation, developers will need sub-millisecond resolution in order to determine if an animation is drawing at 60 FPS.
Without sub-millisecond resolution, a developer can only determine if an animation is drawing at 58.8 FPS or 62.5 FPS.
-
In order to cue audio to a specific point in an animation or ensure that the audio is synchronized with the animation,
developers will need to accurately know the amount of time elapsed in the animation and audio.
This specification does not propose changing the behavior of Date.now() as it is genuinely useful in determining the current value of the calendar time and has a long history of
usage. The DOMHighResTimeStamp type and the now method of the
Performance interface resolve the issues summarized in this section by providing a monotonically increasing time value in sub-millisecond resolution.
All diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative,
as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative. Everything else in this
specification is normative.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
"RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this document
are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
For readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.
Some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on attributes,
methods or objects. Such requirements are to be interpreted as requirements
on user agents.
The IDL fragments in this specification must be interpreted as
required for conforming IDL fragments, as described in the Web IDL
specification. [Web IDL]
3 Terminology
The construction "a Foo object", where Foo is actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of
the more accurate "an object implementing the interface Foo".
The term "JavaScript" is used to refer to
ECMA-262,
rather than the official term ECMAScript, since the term JavaScript is more widely known.
4 High Resolution Time
4.1 Introduction
This section is non-normative.
This specification defines an interface that provides the current time
in sub-millisecond resolution and such that it is not subject to system clock skew or adjustments.
4.2 The DOMHighResTimeStamp Type
The DOMHighResTimeStamp type is used to store a time value measured relative to the
navigationStart attribute of the
PerformanceTiming
interface [NavigationTiming], the start of navigation of the document, or a time value that represents a duration
between two DOMHighResTimeStamps.
-
Type Definition DOMHighResTimeStamp
-
A DOMHighResTimeStamp SHOULD represent a number of milliseconds accurate to a thousandth of a millisecond.
If the User Agent is unable to provide a time value accurate to a thousandth of a millisecond due to hardware or software constraints, the User Agent
can represent a DOMHighResTimeStamp as a number of milliseconds accurate to a millisecond.
IDL Definition-
typedef double DOMHighResTimeStamp;
partial interface Performance {
DOMHighResTimeStamp now();
};
now method
The now method MUST
return a DOMHighResTimeStamp representing the number of milliseconds
from the navigationStart attribute of the
PerformanceTiming
interface [NavigationTiming],
the start of navigation of the document, to the occurrence of the call to the now method.
4.4 Monotonic Clock
The time values returned when calling the now method MUST be monotonically increasing and not subject to system clock
adjustments or system clock skew. The difference between any two chronologically recorded time values returned from the
now method MUST never be negative.
4.5 Privacy and Security
Statistical fingerprinting is a privacy concern where a malicious web site may determine whether a user has visited a
third-party web site by measuring the timing of cache hits and misses of resources in the third-party web site.
Though the now method of the Performance interface
returns time data to a greater accuracy than before, it does not make this privacy concern significantly worse than it was already.
5 References
5.1 Normative References
- [IETF RFC 2119]
-
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels,
Scott Bradner, Author. Internet Engineering Task Force, March 1997. Available at
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt.
- [ECMA-262]
-
ECMAScript Language Specification, 5.1
Edition. ECMA International, Standard
ECMA-262, June 2011. This version of the ECMAScript
Language is available from http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm.
- [Navigation Timing]
- Navigation Timing, Zhiheng Wang, Editor. World Wide Web Consortium, December 2012. This version of the Navigation Timing Recommendation is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-navigation-timing-20121217/. The latest version of Navigation Timing is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing/.
- [Web IDL]
- Web
IDL, Cameron McCormack, Editor. World Wide Web
Consortium, April 2012. This version of the Web IDL
specification is available from
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/.
The latest version of Web
IDL is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/.
- [HTML5]
- HTML5, Robin Berjon et al., Editors. World Wide Web Consortium, December 2012. This version of the HTML5 is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/. The latest editor's draft of HTML5 is available at http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/CR/.
- [Page Visibility]
-
Page Visibility, Jatinder Mann and Arvind Jain, Editors. World Wide Web Consortium, July 2012.
This version of the Page Visibility specification is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-page-visibility-20120726/. The latest version of Page Visibility is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/page-visibility/.
Acknowledgements
I would like to sincerely thank Karen Anderson, Nat Duca, Tony Gentilcore, Arvind Jain, James Robinson, James Simonsen, and Jason Weber
to acknowledge their contributions to this work.