ajar
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (UK) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑː/
- (US) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- + char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.
Alternative forms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]ajar (not comparable)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door was standing ajar.
Translations
[edit]
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Adjective
[edit]ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door is ajar.
- 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:
- I know—for Death, who comes for me
From regions of the blest afar,
Where there is nothing to deceive,
Hath left his iron gate ajar, […]
Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
- 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, volume 10:
- A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
- 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:
- Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
- 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:
- Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.
Etymology 2
[edit]a- (“in, at”) + jar (“discord, disagreement”)
Adverb
[edit]ajar (not comparable)
- (archaic) Out of harmony.
- Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
- 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:
- There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .
Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
- 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, volume 36:
- It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.
Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Ambonese Malay
[edit]Verb
[edit]ajar
- to learn
Iban
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ajar
Verb
[edit]ajar
- to teach
Derived terms
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acar, acara, acarya, and hajar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)
- to teach
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of ajar (meng-, ber-, intransitive, irregular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ajar | ||||
Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | belajar, mengajar | terajar | diajar | ajar | ajarlah |
Locative | mengajari | terajari | diajari | ajari | ajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengajarkan | terajarkan | diajarkan | ajarkan | ajarkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Locative | mempelajari | terpelajari | dipelajari | pelajari | pelajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mempelajarkan | terpelajarkan | dipelajarkan | pelajarkan | pelajarkan |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: This verb has irregular forms when affixed to ber- and per- which resulted on initial -l- on belajar and pelajar (also a noun), otherwise conjugated regularly like intransitive meng- verbs. Some forms of the locative does not exist. Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Alternative forms
[edit]- adjar (1901–1972)
Derived terms
[edit]- ajar (“to teach (imperative)”)
- ajari (“to teach (imperative)”)
- ajarkan (“to teach (imperative)”)
- belajar (“to learn, to study”)
- belajari
- belajarkan
- diajar
- diajari
- diajarkan
- diperajar
- diperajari
- diperajarkan
- kepengajaran
- mengajar (“to teach”)
- mengajari (“to teach (someone)”)
- mengajarkan (“to teach (someone something)”)
- pelajaran (“lesson”)
- pelajar (“student, pupil”)
- pelajari
- pelajarkan
- pengajar (“teacher”)
- pengajaran (“the act of teaching”)
- pembelajar
- pembelajaran (“a learning process”)
Further reading
[edit]- “ajar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.
Verb
[edit]ajar (Jawi spelling اجر)
- to teach
Derived terms
[edit]Regular affixed derivations:
- pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
- pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
- pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
- diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
- diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
- belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Further reading
[edit]- “ajar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Old Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ajar
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- "ajar" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)
- (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
- Synonym: marchitar
- El sol ajó las flores.
- The sun withered the flowers.
- Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.
- You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
- Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
- El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.
- The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
- Synonym: arrugar
- No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.
- It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
- Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.
- Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
- (transitive) to humiliate someone
- Synonym: humillar
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | ajar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ajando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ajado | ajada | |||||
plural | ajados | ajadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | ajo | ajastú ajásvos |
aja | ajamos | ajáis | ajan | |
imperfect | ajaba | ajabas | ajaba | ajábamos | ajabais | ajaban | |
preterite | ajé | ajaste | ajó | ajamos | ajasteis | ajaron | |
future | ajaré | ajarás | ajará | ajaremos | ajaréis | ajarán | |
conditional | ajaría | ajarías | ajaría | ajaríamos | ajaríais | ajarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | aje | ajestú ajésvos2 |
aje | ajemos | ajéis | ajen | |
imperfect (ra) |
ajara | ajaras | ajara | ajáramos | ajarais | ajaran | |
imperfect (se) |
ajase | ajases | ajase | ajásemos | ajaseis | ajasen | |
future1 | ajare | ajares | ajare | ajáremos | ajareis | ajaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | ajatú ajávos |
aje | ajemos | ajad | ajen | ||
negative | no ajes | no aje | no ajemos | no ajéis | no ajen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ajar | |||||||
dative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarle, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarles, ajarse | |
accusative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarlo, ajarla, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarlos, ajarlas, ajarse | |
with gerund ajando | |||||||
dative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándole, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándoles, ajándose | |
accusative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándolo, ajándola, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándolos, ajándolas, ajándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aja | |||||||
dative | ájame | ájate | ájale | ájanos | not used | ájales | |
accusative | ájame | ájate | ájalo, ájala | ájanos | not used | ájalos, ájalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ajá | |||||||
dative | ajame | ajate | ajale | ajanos | not used | ajales | |
accusative | ajame | ajate | ajalo, ajala | ajanos | not used | ajalos, ajalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative aje | |||||||
dative | ájeme | not used | ájele, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájeles | |
accusative | ájeme | not used | ájelo, ájela, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájelos, ájelas | |
with first-person plural imperative ajemos | |||||||
dative | not used | ajémoste | ajémosle | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémosles | |
accusative | not used | ajémoste | ajémoslo, ajémosla | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémoslos, ajémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative ajad | |||||||
dative | ajadme | not used | ajadle | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadles | |
accusative | ajadme | not used | ajadlo, ajadla | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadlos, ajadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative ajen | |||||||
dative | ájenme | not used | ájenle | ájennos | not used | ájenles, ájense | |
accusative | ájenme | not used | ájenlo, ájenla | ájennos | not used | ájenlos, ájenlas, ájense |
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]ajar m (plural ajares)
Further reading
[edit]- “ajar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms prefixed with a-
- English lemmas
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English adjectives
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English terms with rare senses
- English nonstandard terms
- English terms with archaic senses
- Ambonese Malay lemmas
- Ambonese Malay verbs
- Iban terms borrowed from Malay
- Iban terms derived from Malay
- Iban terms derived from Sanskrit
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Iban/jar
- Iban lemmas
- Iban nouns
- Iban verbs
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian ber- verbs
- Indonesian irregular verbs
- Indonesian meng- verbs
- Malay terms derived from Sanskrit
- Malay doublets
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay verbs without transitivity
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/d͡ʒar
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese nouns
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish reflexive verbs
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms suffixed with -ar
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns