kun

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "kun"
Languages (30)
Translingual • English
Bikol Central • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Finnish • Hokkien • Hungarian • Ido • Japanese • Kavalan • Linngithigh • Maltese • Mandarin • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Nupe • Polish • Somali • Southeastern Tepehuan • Sumerian • Tagalog • Unami • Uzbek • Volapük • Wik-Mungkan • Yámana • Yola
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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kun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kunama.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

Noun

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kun (uncountable)

  1. In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
    Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
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Anagrams

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Bikol Central

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. if, unless
    Synonym: komo
    Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.
    If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

Preposition

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kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if
    Synonym: pag
    Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.
    When the night comes, the stars come out also.

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun

  1. genitive plural of kuna

Danish

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Etymology

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Older ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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kun

  1. only

Synonyms

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Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kʏn/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʏn

Verb

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kun

  1. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative of kunnen
    Kun jij iets doen voor mij?
    Can you do something for me?

Usage notes

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  • As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je follows the verb: je kunt > kun je. The verbs kunnen and zullen are unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The form kan je is in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin cum. Compare Italian con, Spanish con, Portuguese com.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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kun

  1. in the company of, with
  2. in addition to
  3. characteristic considered separately from the whole
    • 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta:
      Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
      A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun

  1. when, as, while (temporal: at the same time or instant that)
    Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
    I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.
    Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.
    He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.
  2. as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han
    Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
    I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.
  3. as, because, since (considering that)
    Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.
    She lost her job because she was always late.
    En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.
    I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.
  4. Synonym of kunpa

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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kun

  1. (relative, colloquial) that, who, which, where
    Synonyms: joka, ken
    Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]
    There's a certain man here who'd like to see the leader.
    Kuka se on, kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on, ken huutaa?]
    Who is that who is shouting?

Further reading

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Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 君 (“sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord; lord; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 君).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軍).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 均 (“equal; uniform; fair; all; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 均).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 巾 (“a square item of cloth; towel; kerchief; piece of clothing worn on the head in China”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 巾).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight; axe; hatchet; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 根 (“root; base; basis; foundation; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 根).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 筋).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 跟 (“heel; to follow; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跟).
For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 鈞 (“ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鈞).

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkun]
  • Hyphenation: kun
  • Rhymes: -un

Noun

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kun (plural kunok)

  1. Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative kun kunok
accusative kunt kunokat
dative kunnak kunoknak
instrumental kunnal kunokkal
causal-final kunért kunokért
translative kunná kunokká
terminative kunig kunokig
essive-formal kunként kunokként
essive-modal — —
inessive kunban kunokban
superessive kunon kunokon
adessive kunnál kunoknál
illative kunba kunokba
sublative kunra kunokra
allative kunhoz kunokhoz
elative kunból kunokból
delative kunról kunokról
ablative kuntól kunoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		kuné kunoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		kunéi kunokéi
Possessive forms of kun
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. kunom kunjaim
2nd person sing. kunod kunjaid
3rd person sing. kunja kunjai
1st person plural kununk kunjaink
2nd person plural kunotok kunjaitok
3rd person plural kunjuk kunjaik

Further reading

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  • kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Ido

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Preposition

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kun

  1. with
    Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.
    He went with her to the park.

Japanese

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Rōmaji transcription of くん

Kavalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).

Noun

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kun

  1. pants; trousers
  2. skirt; sarong

Linngithigh

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Adverb

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kun

  1. now

Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kun

  1. second-person singular imperative of kien

Mandarin

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of kùn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Noun

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kun

  1. Alternative form of kyn

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Danish kun.

Adverb

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kun

  1. only, merely

Synonyms

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Nupe

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Etymology

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Cognate with Gbari knu.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kun

  1. to be enough; to be sufficient

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun f

  1. genitive plural of kuna

Somali

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Etymology

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From Proto-Cushitic *kum-.

Numeral

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kun

  1. thousand

References

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  • “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

Southeastern Tepehuan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.

Noun

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kun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)

  1. husband

Derived terms

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References

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  • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎[2] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115

Sumerian

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Romanization

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kun

  1. Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)

Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. Obsolete form of kung.

Preposition

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kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

  1. Obsolete form of kung.

Unami

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Noun

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kun anim

  1. ice, snow (on the ground)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Uzbek

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Other scripts
Yangi Imlo كۇن
Cyrillic кун‍
Latin kun‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan) 		کون

Etymology

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Inherited from Chagatai کون (kūn /⁠kün⁠/, “sun; day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun; day”). Cognate with Uyghur كۈن / kün / күн; Turkmen gün, Azerbaijani گون / ҝүн / gün, Turkish gün; etc.

Pronunciation

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  • (Uzbekistani standard) IPA(key): /kʊn/, [k̟ʰʏn]
  • (Khorazm) IPA(key): /ɡʊn/
  • Hyphenation: kun

Noun

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kun (plural kunlar)

  1. day
  2. sun

Declension

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Declension of kun
singular plural
nominative kun kunlar
genitive kunning kunlarning
dative kunga kunlarga
definite accusative kunni kunlarni
locative kunda kunlarda
ablative kundan kunlardan
similative kundek kunlardek
Possessive forms of kun
my singular plural
nominative kunim kunlarim
genitive kunimning kunlarimning
dative kunimga kunlarimga
definite accusative kunimni kunlarimni
locative kunimda kunlarimda
ablative kunimdan kunlarimdan
similative kunimdek kunlarimdek
your singular plural
nominative kuning kunlaring
genitive kuningning kunlaringning
dative kuningga kunlaringga
definite accusative kuningni kunlaringni
locative kuningda kunlaringda
ablative kuningdan kunlaringdan
similative kuningdek kunlaringdek
her/his/its singular plural
nominative kuni kunlari
genitive kunining kunlarining
dative kuniga kunlariga
definite accusative kunini kunlarini
locative kunida kunlarida
ablative kunidan kunlaridan
similative kunidek kunlaridek
our singular plural
nominative kunimiz kunlarimiz
genitive kunimizning kunlarimizning
dative kunimizga kunlarimizga
definite accusative kunimizni kunlarimizni
locative kunimizda kunlarimizda
ablative kunimizdan kunlarimizdan
similative kunimizdek kunlarimizdek
your singular plural
nominative kuningiz kunlaringiz
genitive kuningizning kunlaringizning
dative kuningizga kunlaringizga
definite accusative kuningizni kunlaringizni
locative kuningizda kunlaringizda
ablative kuningizdan kunlaringizdan
similative kuningizdek kunlaringizdek
their singular plural
nominative kuni kunlari
genitive kunining kunlarining
dative kuniga kunlariga
definite accusative kunini kunlarini
locative kunida kunlarida
ablative kunidan kunlaridan similative kunidek kunlaridek

Volapük

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun (nominative plural kuns)

  1. cow
    • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
      Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel e kunis deg.
      This farmer owns two horses and ten cows.

Declension

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declension of kun
singular plural
nominative kun kuns
genitive kuna kunas
dative kune kunes
accusative kuni kunis
vocative 1 o kun! o kuns!
predicative 2 kunu kunus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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  • kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)
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Wik-Mungkan

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Noun

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kun

  1. excrement, faeces, shit

Synonyms

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Yámana

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Noun

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kun

  1. oil

Yola

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Irish cun (“stoutness, thickness”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kun

  1. A masculine, forward woman, a brazen face.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51
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