vodka
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine".
Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka (countable and uncountable, plural vodkas)
- A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.
- 1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 20, in Friday's Business[2]:
- Eurydice pointed to the cupboard, and sat down on the low divan with folded hands, and looked at the floor. She was quite white. Elsa made her drink a glass of vodka.
- A serving of the above beverage.
- 1986, Marc Polonsky, Russell Taylor, USSR, From an Original Idea by Karl Marx, Faber and Faber, →ISBN:
- You should mutter sullenly into your glass, cursing the serving woman (Witch! Hag! Poison!) or the vodka (Poison! Bitch!), as the one pours you another glass of the other.
- (US standards of identity) Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.
- (countable, military slang, ethnic slur) A Russian.[1]
- (uncountable, military slang) Russian language.[1]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lighter, Jonathan (1972) “The Slang of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1917-1919: An Historical Glossary”, in American Speech[1], volume 47, number 1/2, page 114
Further reading
[edit]Cornish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [ˈvɔdka]
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [ˈvɔdkɐ]
Noun
[edit]vodka f (plural vodkas)
References
[edit]- Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
- Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 190
- vodka in the Alternative Cornish Dictionary
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka). By surface analysis, voda + -ka.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka f (related adjective vodkový)
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “vodka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “vodka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “vodka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun
[edit]vodka
Declension
[edit]common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | vodka | vodkaen | vodkaer | vodkaerne |
genitive | vodkas | vodkaens | vodkaers | vodkaernes |
Finnish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka
Declension
[edit]Inflection of vodka (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | vodka | vodkat | |
genitive | vodkan | vodkien | |
partitive | vodkaa | vodkia | |
illative | vodkaan | vodkiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | vodka | vodkat | |
accusative | nom. | vodka | vodkat |
gen. | vodkan | ||
genitive | vodkan | vodkien vodkain rare | |
partitive | vodkaa | vodkia | |
inessive | vodkassa | vodkissa | |
elative | vodkasta | vodkista | |
illative | vodkaan | vodkiin | |
adessive | vodkalla | vodkilla | |
ablative | vodkalta | vodkilta | |
allative | vodkalle | vodkille | |
essive | vodkana | vodkina | |
translative | vodkaksi | vodkiksi | |
abessive | vodkatta | vodkitta | |
instructive | — | vodkin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “vodka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka f (plural vodkas)
Further reading
[edit]- “vodka”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka (plural vodkák)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vodka | vodkák |
accusative | vodkát | vodkákat |
dative | vodkának | vodkáknak |
instrumental | vodkával | vodkákkal |
causal-final | vodkáért | vodkákért |
translative | vodkává | vodkákká |
terminative | vodkáig | vodkákig |
essive-formal | vodkaként | vodkákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vodkában | vodkákban |
superessive | vodkán | vodkákon |
adessive | vodkánál | vodkáknál |
illative | vodkába | vodkákba |
sublative | vodkára | vodkákra |
allative | vodkához | vodkákhoz |
elative | vodkából | vodkákból |
delative | vodkáról | vodkákról |
ablative | vodkától | vodkáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
vodkáé | vodkáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vodkáéi | vodkákéi |
Possessive forms of vodka | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vodkám | vodkáim |
2nd person sing. | vodkád | vodkáid |
3rd person sing. | vodkája | vodkái |
1st person plural | vodkánk | vodkáink |
2nd person plural | vodkátok | vodkáitok |
3rd person plural | vodkájuk | vodkáik |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- vodka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka n (genitive singular vodka, no plural)
Declension
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Indonesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka f (invariable)
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From English vodka, from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun
[edit]vodka m (plural vodkas)
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun
[edit]vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
Portuguese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]vodka f (plural vodkas)
Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vodъka, equivalent to voda (“water”) + -ka (diminutive suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka f (genitive singular vodky, nominative plural vodky, genitive plural vodiek, declension pattern of žena)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “vodka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- vodca (rare)
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka, literally “little water”), a diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka m or f (plural vodkas)
Usage notes
[edit]Vodka is usually treated as a masculine noun, but feminine noun usage is permitted per its etymology.
Further reading
[edit]- “vodka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- “vodka” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]vodka c
Declension
[edit]Declension of vodka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | vodka | vodkan | vodkor | vodkorna |
Genitive | vodkas | vodkans | vodkors | vodkornas |
References
[edit]- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed-
- English terms borrowed from Russian
- English terms derived from Russian
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- American English
- en:Standards of identity
- English military slang
- English ethnic slurs
- en:Russia
- en:Distilled beverages
- en:Poland
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish nouns
- Cornish feminine nouns
- kw:Alcoholic beverages
- Czech terms borrowed from Russian
- Czech terms derived from Russian
- Czech terms suffixed with -ka
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/otka
- Rhymes:Czech/otka/2 syllables
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech hard feminine nouns
- Czech nouns with reducible stem
- cs:Distilled beverages
- Danish terms borrowed from Russian
- Danish terms derived from Russian
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from Russian
- Finnish terms derived from Russian
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/odkɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/odkɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- French terms borrowed from Russian
- French terms derived from Russian
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French terms spelled with K
- French feminine nouns
- fr:Alcoholic beverages
- Hungarian terms borrowed from Russian
- Hungarian terms derived from Russian
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/kɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/kɒ/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Alcoholic beverages
- Icelandic terms borrowed from Russian
- Icelandic terms derived from Russian
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- is:Alcoholic beverages
- Indonesian terms derived from Russian
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ka
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ka/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Italian terms borrowed from Russian
- Italian terms derived from Russian
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔdka
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔdka/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian terms spelled with K
- Italian feminine nouns
- it:Alcoholic beverages
- Norman terms borrowed from English
- Norman terms derived from English
- Norman terms borrowed from Russian
- Norman terms derived from Russian
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- Jersey Norman
- nrf:Distilled beverages
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Russian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Russian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɑ
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- nb:Alcoholic beverages
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Russian
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Russian
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- nn:Alcoholic beverages
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Russian
- Portuguese terms derived from Russian
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms suffixed with -ka
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak feminine nouns
- sk:Alcoholic beverages
- Spanish terms borrowed from Russian
- Spanish terms derived from Russian
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/odka
- Rhymes:Spanish/odka/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish nouns with irregular gender
- Spanish terms spelled with K
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Spanish nouns with multiple genders
- es:Alcoholic beverages
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns