Muhammad Hussain Naini
Mirza Mohammad Hussein Naini Qaravi, was born in a religious family of Nain in the year 1860. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one after another were of Sheikh of Nain. Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Naini, better known as Mirza Naini, after completing basic education moved to Najaf, Iraq, to achieve the degree of mujtahid. He proved himself the most competent student of Ayatollah Kazem Khorasani [1]. Ayatollah Naini is considered to be the most famous theoretician of Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. He died 1936 and was buried next to shrine of Imam Ali in Iraq. Among his works notable references comprised of his Dubios Habit, Vassilat'un Nijat, and Ressalat la Zarar. 50th death anniversary of Ayatollah Mirza Mohammed Hussein Naini was memorialized by issue of Stamps Tickets, in Iran, in 1987 [2] [3].
His Constitutional Work
Mirza Naini being an expert on Usul al Fiqh was the first human being in the history of Iran to construe the idea of religious dictatorship. Naeini stressed the concept of Aql (dialectic reasoning) and believed that Islam was compatible with progress. He also argued that the most intolerable form of autocracy is the tyranny imposed by a religious state. He had written a book about the theory of constitutional revolution. In the last chapter of his book, Ayatollah Naeini concentrated on two majors topics: ignorance and despotism. Arabic translation of this book was done by Salih Kashif al Gheta, and some sections of this Arabic translation were also published in the Al Erfan magazine in the early 1930s. Other sections were later published in the Al Mawsem magazine (Issue No 5. Volume 2/1990). Rashid al Khayoun published a translation of Ayatollah Naini in his book "Al Mashroota Wa al Mustabada" (Constitution and Despotism). Institute of Strategic Studies in Baghdad also published a copy in a book with its title "Tanbih al Ummah wa Tanzih al Mila" (The Awakening of the Nation and the Purification of the Sect) [4].
His Exile
At [5] the beginning of World War-I, the Shiite Scholars and clerics of Iraq were not the supporter of allied powers, however, they entered the scene and declared holy war against the Central power. Consequently Mirza Naini was exiled with Abul Hassan Isfahani to Iran. They faced the warm welcome of Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri, the head of Feizieh religious school.
His Well known students
Names of the some students benefited from the teaching of Mirza Naini, includes the following scholars and clerics of their time:
- 1. Sheikh Mohammad Ali Kazemi Khorassani
- 2. Seyyed Mohsen Tabatabai Hakim
- 3. Grand Ayotollah Khoei
- 4. Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai
- 5. Grand Ayatollah Taqi Bahjat
See also
References
- ^ Comparative Study Thesis Umma Lalan and Tanbih Al Umma Mirza Naini, by Amir Pourzaman - Rahim Vakilzadeh, Journal of Political & Social Sciences. Vol., 1 (1), 1-5, 2014 (ISSN 2148-5127©2014) Available online at http://www.jpssjournal.com)
- ^ "Birth of Ayatollah Mirza Hossein Naini". 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
- ^ http://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/463006-Mirza_Mohammed_Hossein_Naini_1860-1936-50th_death_of_Ayatollah_Mirza_Mohammed_Hossein_Naini-Iran retrieved: 2014-10-07
- ^ "Wilayat al Faqih & Despotism". Ataollah Mohajerani. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
- ^ "Mohammad Hussein Naini". Tahereh Shokuhi. Retrieved 2014-10-06.