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Ani

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. [1] [2]Bas- በቀላሉ nke agụ owuru na obe n'elu ya site na ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Ani, tara na ọ bụ akara nke obodo ma ọ bụ nke usoro ndị eze Bagratuni.

Ani (Armenian: Անի; Greek: Ἄνιον, Ánion; [1] Latin: Abnicum; [2][3] Turkish: Ani) [4] bụ obodo Armenia mebiri emebi mgbe ochie[5] dị ugbu a na mpaghara Turkey nke Kars, na-esote.  ruo n'ókè mechiri emechi na Armenia.

[3]N'agbata 961 na 1045, ọ bụ isi obodo nke malitere Bagratid Armenia nke kpuchiri ọtụtụ Armenia na n'ebe ọmụmụ Turkey.  A na-akpọkarị obodo mara mma dị ka "Obodo nke ọtụka 1,001," n'agbanyeghị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị obere.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị ọkà ihe ochie ihe na ndị kpara ihe mere eme gwuola ụlọ ụka iri ise, ụlọ ụka iri atɔ na ụlọ ụka iri abụọ.  [1] Ani guzoro n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ dị iche iche na ọtụtụ ụlọ ndịrechi ya, obí ya na ike siri ike mere ka ọ dị iche na obodo mepere ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị ugbu a na-azọ Armenia.  N'ime ụlọ ndị a ma bụ Katidral Ani, nke akwụkwọ ya na ihe atụ mbụ nke ụlọ Gothic na ndị ọkà na-arụrịta ụka na-arụ ọrụ katidral nke Europe na-egosi gothic na ụdị Romanesque;  Arụ ahụ ebe a na-adabaghị ọkwọ ya na katidral ndị Europe ma ọ na-akpa ala ama apụta abụọ ka e nwee.  [2] [3] N'ịdị elu ya, Ani bụ otu n'ime obodo kwupụta ukwuu, [4] nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ nna 100,000, n'agbanyeghị na nke a yiri nnukwu nchekwube n'ihi oke ya.  .

[4]

Toponym

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Obodo ahụ weghaara aha ya n'obodo ebe e wusiri ike nke Armenia na ebe ndịrechi nke Ani-Kamakh nke dị na mpaghara Daranaghi na Upper Armenia .  [1] A mbụ Ani na mbụ dị ka Khnamk, ọ bụ ebe na ndị ọkọkọ ihe mere eme eji eji n'aka na ihe mere e ji eji ya;  dị ka philologist na Armenologist Heinrich Hübschmann si kwuo, aha a akara ihe ọmụmụ ya na ngwaa Armenia nke khnamel ("ilekọta").  [1] Dị ka akara nke abụọ Encyclopedia of Islam si kwuo: "A Aha aro na obodo ahụ nwere ike iji aha ya ụlọ aha nsso nke chi enyo Iran Anāhita (Greek Anaďtis)".

Ebe

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Obodo a dị na na saịtị triangular, nke a na-anya ma na-echebe onwe ya, na-echekwa ya n'ịdị ndị mbụ n'ịhụnhụ nke njide Achurian yana n'ikiri ihuenyo nke ya n' watch Bostanlar ma ọ  bụ Tzaghkotzadzor.  Ahurian ngalaba nke Araks ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ nke ikpe mechiri emechi ugbu a n'etiti Turkey na Armenia.  Ebe a dị na elu nke ihe dịka 1,340 meters (4,400 ft) .

Ebe a dị na mpaghara Kars nke Turkey.  [1] ikike ala si n'obodo Kars, otu n'ime obodo kacha nso na Ani nke dị n'ebe ugwu egwu egwu Turkey, bụ otu n'ime naanị ụzọ isi ruo obodo Ani ogbun a.  [1] Kars ogbun a bụ ebe mkpa maka ahaha anụ ụlọ na-amị cheese.  [1] Eji okporo ya na okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ na ọtụtụ obodo Turkey dị mkpa, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka ebe agha dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ nọ n'omume egwuregwu Turkey na Armenia.  [1] Ani dị ihe dị ka 400 m (1,300 ft) site na ịpị Turkey-Armenia.  N'ofe ókè ahụ bụ obodo Armenia n nke Kharkov, nke nke Shirak Province .

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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  Ndị na-ede asụsụ Armenia dị ka Yeghishe na Ghazar Parpetsi ụzọ ụzọ ndị mmadụ Ani na mbụ awụ nke ise.  [1] Ha iro ya dị ka ebe e wusiri ike nke e wuru n'elu ugwu na ihe mmetụta nke usoro ndị eze Kamsarakan nke Armenia.

Alaeze Bagratuni nke Armenia, c. 1000

[5]Ka ọ na-erule akpan akpan afɔ nke, abanyela egwu ndị Kamsarakans na Arsharunik na Shirak (gụnyere Ani) n'ime mpaghara ndị eze Bagratuni nke Armenia.  [1] Ndị eze Bagratuni bụ usoro eze nke abụọ a ma na ala-eze Armenia .  [2] Hafịa akwụkwọ onwe ha n'aka ndị Arab n'ikiri nke mbụ awụ nke 9 mgbe ndị Peshia na ndị Arab Umayyad chịchara ha ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'oge a.  [2] Eze Bagratid Armenia nke butere akwụkwọ onwe a bụ Ashhot I. [2] O nwere ikike dị ike dị ka eze nke usoro ndị eze Bagratid, Otú ọ dị, ime nke tsare onwe nke usoro eze ga-adịru ọtụtụ afọ.  [2] Nwa ya nwoke, Smbat I, chịrị azụ o mechara.  [2] loju Bagratid nwere ọtụtụ ala-ala-eze, nke kacha mara amara bụ mbido nke Kars, Lori, Syunik, Artsakh na Vaspurakan .  [2] Ndị eze Bagratuni dugara n'ụka ọrụ nka na ihe owuwu a ma ama na ndị ntolite Armenia, otu n'ime ha bụ Katidral Ani .  [2] Onye ndu usoro eze Bagratid, Ashot Msaker (Ashot the Meateater) (806–827) ka Caliphate nyere aha ishkhan (onye isi) nke Armenia na 804. [3] Ndị Bagratunis nwere isi obodo mbụ ha na Bagaran, ihe dị  ka 40 km (25 mi) ndịda nke Ani, tupuga ya na Shirakavan, ụfọdụ 25 km (16 mi) n'ebe ugwu egwuregwu nke Ani, wee bufee ya na Kars n'afọ 929. Na 961, eze Ashhot III (  953–77) bufere isi obodo site na Kars gaa Ani.  Ani Matara ngwa n'oge dị Eze Smbat II (977–89).  Na 992 ndị Armenian Catholicosate bufere oche ya na Ani.  Na mgbochi awụ nke 10 ndị bi na ya nwere ike ịbụ 50,000-100,000.  [4] Ka ọ na-erule ọkwa nke ụtụtụ nke iri na otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ani ​​ụmụaka 100,000.  </link> na aha ya bụ nke na a mara ya dị ka "obodo nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá iri anọ" na "obodo nke otu puku ụka na otu."  Ani ghọkwara ebe a na-edebe ebe nchekwa eze nke ndị eze Bagratuni.

[3]Ani ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ike ya n'ime ogologo nke Eze Gagik I (989–1020).  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ụmụ ya ndị ikom abụọ ụka maka nwachi ya.  Nwa nwoke nke okenye, Hovhannes-Smbat (1020–41), ikike ikike nke Ani mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ashhot IV (1020–40), na-achịkwa ndị ọzọ nke ime Bagratuni .  Hovhannes-Smbat, na-atụ egwu na ndị ukwu Byzantium ga-awakpo ya nke ese ike ugbu a, mere Emperor Basil nke obodo nke Byzantium ka ọ bụrụ onye nketa ya.  [1] Mgbe Hovhannes-Smbat nwụrụ na 1041, Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian, kwuru ụbụbụeze Ani.  Eze ọhụrụ nke Ani, Gagik II (1042–45), megidere nke a na ọtụtụ ndị agha Byzantine ezigara ejide Ani ka a gbara ajụjụ.  Otú ọ dị, na 1046 Ani nyefere n'aka ndị Byzantines, mgbe a kpọchara Gagik na Constantinople ma jide ya n'ebe ahụ, na site na mkpali nke pro-Byzantine ọcha n'etiti ndị bi na ya.  E onye nkọwa Byzantium n'obodo ahụ.

Ani ghaara ụgha n'okporo ụzọ azụmaahịa ọ bụla dị mkpa na mbụ, mana n'ihi nha ya, ike ya na akụ na ụba ya, ọ ghọrọ ebe azụmaahịa dị mkpa. Ndị mmekọ azụmaahịa mbụ ya bụ Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, Alaeze Ukwu Peasia, ndị Arab, yana mba ndị dị nta na ndịda Russia na Central Asia. [3]

Mbelata nke nta nke nta na agbahapụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 1064, nnukwu ndị agha Seljuk n'okpuru Alp Arslan wakporo Ani; mgbe ha nọchibidoro ụbọchị 25, ha weghaara obodo ahụ ma gbuo ndị bi na ya. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Turkey bụ Sibt ibn al-Jawzi nyere akụkọ banyere akpa na ogbugbu ndị ahụ dị na Ani, bụ́ onye hotara ihe otu onye ji anya ya hụ na-ekwu:   Na 1072, ndị Seljuks rere Ani nye ndị Shaddadids, usoro ndị eze Kurdish Muslim. Ndị Shaddadid n'ozuzu gbasoro ụkpụrụ nkwekọrịta n'ebe ndị obodo Armenia na ndị Kraịst nọ n'obodo ahụ ma lụọ ọtụtụ ndị òtù Bagratid. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ bụla ọchịchị Shaddadid ghọrọ ndị na-adịghị anabata ihe, ndị mmadụ ga-arịọ Alaeze Ndị Kraịst nke Georgia maka enyemaka. Ndị Jọjia weghaara Ani ugboro ise n'etiti 1124 na 1209: na 1124, 1161, 1174, 1199, na 1209. [6] Ugboro atọ mbụ, ndị Shaddadid weghachiri ya. N'afọ 1199, Queen Tamar nke Georgia weghaara Ani na 1201 nyere ndị ọchịagha Zakare na Ivane ọchịchị gọvanọ nke obodo ahụ. [7] Zakare bụ nwa ya nwoke Shanshe (Shahnshah). Ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Zakare - ndị Zakarid - weere onwe ha dị ka ndị ga-anọchi Bagratids. Ọganihu laghachiri ngwa ngwa nye Ani; e wusiri ike nchekwa ya ma wuo ọtụtụ ụka ọhụrụ. N'afọ 1217 na 1220, ndị Seljuk Sultanate nke Rum wakporo obodo ahụ bụ ndị ndị agha bibiri ma kwakọrọ ihe obodo ahụ n'agbanyeghị na ha ejighị ya. Ndị Mongols nọchibidoro Ani n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na 1226, ma na 1236, ha weghaara ma kwatuo obodo ahụ, gbuo ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị bi na ya. N'okpuru Mongols ndị Zakarid gara n'ihu na-achị Ani, dị ka ndị agha nke eze Georgian. [8] N'oge ọchịchị George V na Bagrat V, obodo ahụ bụ akụkụ nke alaeze Georgia . [9] [10]

Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 14, ndị ọchịchị obodo Turkey na-achị obodo ahụ, gụnyere ndị Jalayrids na Kara Koyunlu (ezinụlọ ojii) bụ ndị mere Ani isi obodo ha. Ala ọma jijiji bibiri ya na 1319. Tamerlane weghaara Ani na 1380s. Na ọnwụ ya, Kara Koyunlu nwetaghachiri ikike mana bufee isi obodo ha na Yerevan. N’afọ 1441, ndị Katọlik Armenia mere otu ihe ahụ. Ndị Safavid Persia chịrị Ani ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman Turkey na 1579. Otu obere obodo dị n'ime mgbidi ya opekata mpe ruo etiti narị afọ nke iri na asaa, mana 1735 gbahapụrụ saịtị ahụ kpamkpam mgbe ndị mọnk ikpeazụ hapụrụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk na Virgin's Fortress ma ọ bụ Kizkale.   Na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19, ndị njem Europe chọtara Ani maka ụwa dị n'èzí, na-ebipụta nkọwa ha na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ na akụkọ njem. Ụlọ ndị ahụ nkeonwe dị ntakịrị karịa ikpo okwute mana nnukwu ụlọ ọha na eze na mgbidi abụọ nke obodo ahụ ka echekwara ma were na-egosi "ọtụtụ isi ihe mara mma nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ". Ohannes Kurkdjian mepụtara onyonyo stereoscopic nke Ani na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19.

Na 1918, n’oge ikpeazụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, usuu ndị agha nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman nọ na-alụ ọgụ n’ofe ókèala nke Republic of Armenia nke a kpọsara ọhụrụ, weghara Kars n’April 1918. Na Ani, a gbara mbọ ịchụpụ ihe ndị dị na ụlọ ngosi nka ka ndị agha Turkey na-abịaru nso na saịtị ahụ. Ihe dị ka 6,000 n'ime ihe ndị kacha ebu ibu wepụrụ site n'aka ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Ashkharbek Kalantar, onye so na mkpọsa nke Marr. N'aka Joseph Orbeli, a na-ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ echekwara na nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka; ugbu a ha bụ akụkụ nke mkpokọta Yerevan's State Museum of Armenian History. [11] E mechara kwakọrọ ihe ma ọ bụ bibie ihe niile fọdụrụnụ. [12] Ntọhapụ nke Turkey na njedebe nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ mere ka Ani ka weghachite Ani na nchịkwa Armenia, mana mkparị maliteghachiri megide Armenian Republic na 1920 site n'aka Mustafa Kemal Atatürk mere ka Turkey weghachite Ani. Na 1921, bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Treaty of Kars kwadoro ntinye nke ókèala Ani na Republic of Turkey .

Na May 1921, onye minista gọọmenti Rıza Nur nyere iwu ka onyeisi ndị agha nke Eastern Front, Kazım Karabekir, maka ihe ncheta nke Ani "ka e kpochapụrụ n'elu ụwa." [13] Karabekir dekọrọ n'akwụkwọ ndekọta ya na ọ jụwo nke ọma n'iwu a ma o mebeghị ya. [14] Ụfọdụ mbibi mere, gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị Marr gwupụtara na nrụzi ụlọ. [15] N'October nke otu afọ, a bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta dị iche n'etiti Turkey na RSFSR, na-akwado ókèala Turkey na Soviet Republic nke Armenia dị ka ọ dị taa. Onye nkwurịta okwu Russia bụ Ganeckij nke nkwekọrịta a gbalịrị itinye Ani n'ime mba Soviet nke Armenia, mana Karabekir ekwetaghị. [16]

Ikike ikike ileta Ani adịghịzi mkpa. Naanị gaa Ani zụta tiketi. Ọ bụrụ na ịnweghị ụgbọ ala nke gị, jiri tagzi ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala obere ụgbọ ala na Kars gbagharịa maka njem a ga-aga Ani, ikekwe soro ndị njem ndị ọzọ kerịta ọnụ ahịa ya. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nsogbu, ndị njem nlegharị anya nwere ike inye aka. Mee atụmatụ iji ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara ụbọchị na Ani. Ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ iweta nri ehihie picnic na karama mmiri. [17]

N'oge Agha Nzuzo, na ruo 2004, a chọrọ ikike site na Ministry of Culture Turkish. N'otu oge na 1980s, amachibidoro ịse foto, ebe saịtị ahụ dị n'ókè Turkey-Soviet mgbe ahụ. [18]

Site n'akụkụ Armenia nke ókèala, na Shirak Province, e debere ebe nleba anya n'akụkụ obodo Haykadzor, zuru ezu na panel ozi, ma echiche ahụ adịghị mma. Ebe nchekwa nke Kharkov na-enye echiche mara mma, mana ndị agha oke na ndị agha Russia nwere ikike ịnweta ohere. [19] Enyere ikike ịga leta na Ministry of Foreign Affairs na Yerevan n'efu ma were otu izu.

Onye ọzọ na-ekwu okwu kwuru, sị: Ani bụ ugbu a a mmụọ obodo, na-ebighị ruo ihe karịrị narị afọ atọ marooned n'ime Turkey agha mpaghara na Turkey si ire ure mechiri emechi ókè na nke oge a Republic of Armenia . Akụkọ ihe mere eme Ani na nso nso a abụrụla otu mbibi na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye mgbe niile. Nleghara anya, ala ọma jijiji, mkpocha omenala, imebi ihe, ịkwatu okwute, mweghachi ndị amateurish na ihe gwupụtara n'ala - ihe ndị a niile na ndị ọzọ ebutela nnukwu ihe n'ihe ncheta Ani.

N'ịtụle Landmarks Foundation (otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka nchekwa nke saịtị dị nsọ) obodo oge ochie a "kwesịrị ka echekwa ya n'agbanyeghị ikike ọ dabara. Ala ọmajiji na 1319, 1832, na 1988, niile enweela mmetụta na-agbawa obi n'ihe owuwu nke obodo ahụ. Obodo Ani bụ ebe dị nsọ nke chọrọ nchebe na-aga n'ihu. "

Ego Ncheta Ụwa (WMF) debere Ani na 1996, 1998, na 2000 Watch List nke saịtị 100 Kacha Egwu. Na Mee 2011, WMF kwupụtara na ọ na-amalite ọrụ nchekwa na Katidral na Ụka nke Onye Mgbapụta Dị Nsọ na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Culture Turkey. [20]

UNESCO World Heritage Site

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

. [21]Ụdị ọhụrụ, nke e ngwaahịa mgbe Ani nọ n'isi ya, ka na-enwe ike dị ukwuu na nhazi ụlọ ugbu a na mpaghara ya.  [1] Ihe nke abụọ mere Ani ji nweta ọkwa nke "uru zuru ụwa ọnụ" site na UNESCO bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na "Ani na-agba Brit iche maka mmepụta omenala, nka, ụlọ ụlọ na obodo Armenia na ọ bụ ihe nna.  Aha ụlọ nke Armenia. nke a maara dị ka 'akwụkwọ Ani', na- Korea usoro ya, ụdị ya iche ihe ụdị".  [1] Ihe owuwu nke Ani bụ ihe ntụgharị dị mkpa ụmụ amaala Armenia oge gara aga.  Ndị nwere ikike ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ihe owuwu nke dị tupu oge ha, nke a bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ndị Armenia na-anya isi.  [1] The ath criterion nke enwetara Ani ikike na-echebe bụ na "Ani awade a , Panorama nke ochie architectural kere ekele na saịtị nkenke nke nta niile architecture ụdị na mpaghara na N'ezie nke isii aafo site na 7th.  ka. Afọ nke 13 AD".  [1] Nke a bụ n'ihi obodo "ndị agha, ndịrechi, na ụlọ obodo".  [1] UNESCO na-ekwu na Ani "a na-ewerekwa dị ka ebe a na-ahụ ahụkebe", nke a bụ n'ihi na a na-ahụ ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche nke ụka Armenia na obodo dum, e ụdị ụdị dị iche iche nke ụka Armenia na obodo dum.  nke ụka ndị a n'etiti eje nke anọ na 8 AD.

UNESCO na-ekewa Ani ugbu a dị ka saịtị nchekwa ihe ochie nke 1st. [21] UNESCO na-agbasawanye nchekwa a, n'agbanyeghị, ebe ọ bụ na mpaghara Ani gbara ya gburugburu ka ekewapụtara dị ka saịtị nchekwa ihe ochie nke ogo atọ. [21] Ministri nke Culture na Tourism bụ isi nzukọ na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke Ani, Otú ọ dị, General Directorate of Cultural Heritage na Museums na-ekerekwa òkè n'inyere aka na ọrụ ndị dị ka mweghachi . [21] E nwekwara alaka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ụfọdụ mbọ nchekwa ahụ. [21]

Ihe ncheta na Ani

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A na-arụ ụlọ niile dị na Ani site na iji basalt mgbawa ugwu, ụdị nkume tufa . A na-akpụ ya n'ụzọ dị mfe ma na-abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche dị egwu, site na ude na-acha odo odo, na-acha uhie uhie, na jet ojii. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na n'oge ọgụ na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe Ani chere ihu n'ime afọ niile, ụlọ niile nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu mmebi nhazi, ma ọ bụ ebibiwo kpamkpam. Ihe ncheta kachasị mkpa dị ndụ bụ ndị a.

Katidral nke Ani

A makwaara dị ka Surp Asdvadzazin (Ụka nke Nne Nsọ nke Chineke), a malitere ịrụ ya n'afọ 989, n'okpuru Eze Smbat II . Akwụsịrị ọrụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ma rụchaa ya na 1001 (ma ọ bụ na 1010 n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ederede ụlọ ya). Nhazi nke katidral bụ ọrụ nke Trdat, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Armenia oge ochie. Katidral ahụ bụ basilica domed (dome dara na 1319). N'ime ime ahụ nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-aga n'ihu (dị ka iji arches a kapịrị ọnụ na ndị na-agbakọta ọnụ) na-enye ya ọdịdị nke ụlọ Gothic (ụdị nke Katidral Ani buru ụzọ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ). [22]

Churchka a, nke emechara na 1215, bụ ihe ncheta kacha mma echekwara na Ani. Ewubere ya n'oge ọchịchị ndị Zakarid, onye ahịa ahịa Armenia bara ọgaranya Tigran Honents nyere ya ọrụ. [23] Atụmatụ ya bụ nke a na-akpọ ụlọ ezumike . N'ihu ọnụ ụzọ ya, e nwere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke narthex na obere ụlọ ekpere nke sitere n'oge dịtụ ntakịrị. A na-achọ mma na mpụta nke ụlọ ụka ahụ nke ọma. Nkume a kpụrụ akpụ nke ezigbo anụmanụ na ndị a na-eche n'echiche na-ejupụta n'ọgba aghara dị n'etiti ebe a na-egwu egwu kpuru ìsì nke na-agba gburugburu akụkụ anọ nke ụka ahụ. Ime ime nwere usoro okirikiri frescoes dị mkpa na pụrụ iche nke na-egosipụta isi okwu abụọ. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke atọ nke ụka ka e gosipụtara Ndụ nke Saint Gregory the Illuminator, n'etiti atọ nke ụka ka e gosipụtara Ndụ nke Kraịst. Ụdị fresco dị otú ahụ buru ibu bụ ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ime ihe owuwu Armenia - a kwenyere na ndị a bụ ndị na-ese ihe na Georgian, na okirikiri ahụ gụnyekwara ihe nkiri sitere na ndụ St. N'ime narthex na ụlọ ekpere ya na-adị ndụ frescoes ndị na-agbaji agbajiri karịa nke Byzantine n'ụdị. [24]

Ụka nke Onye Mgbapụta (Surb Prkich) site n'akụkụ abụọ: ọdịda anyanwụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ
  1. ↑ Hasratyan (2011). "Անիի ճարտարապետությունը [Architecture of Ani]". Patma-Banasirakan Handes (3). 
  2. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified (hy). encyclopedia.am. Armenian Encyclopedia. “Անիի զինանշանը` վազող հովազը”
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ghafadaryan (1974). "Ani", Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (in hy). Armenian Academy of Sciences, 407–412. 
  4. ↑ Ancient city of Ani dazzles visitors
  5. ↑ Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79)", Revue des Études Arméniennes 35 (2013): 147–155.
  6. ↑ Georgian National Academy of Sciences, Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia), Artanuji pub.
  7. ↑ Lordkipanidze (1987). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Tbilisi: Genatleba. 
  8. ↑ Sinclair, T. A. Eastern Turkey: An Architectural and Archaeological Survey, vol. 1 (London: Pindar Press, 1987), p. 444.
  9. ↑ W. Barthold, ' Die persische Inschrift an der Mauer der Manucehr-Moschee zu Ani ', trans. and edit.
  10. ↑ Ivane Javakhishvili, The History of the Georgian Nation, vol. 3, Tbilisi, 1982, p.179
  11. ↑ Kalantar (1994). Armenia from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. Recherches et Publications. ISBN 978-2-940032-01-3. 
  12. ↑ Marr, Nikolai Y. "Ani, La Ville Arménniene en Ruines", Revue des Études Arméniennes 1 (1921).
  13. ↑ Dadrian (1986). "The Role of Turkish Physicians in the World War I Genocide of Ottoman Armenians". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1 (2). DOI:10.1093/hgs/1.2.169. PMID 11617154. 
  14. ↑ Karabekir (1960). İstiklal Harbimiz [Our War of Independence] (in tr). Istanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi, 960–970. 
  15. ↑ Sim. The City of Ani: Recent History. VirtualANI. Archived from the original on January 26, 2007. Retrieved on January 26, 2007.
  16. ↑ Kobro (1991). Das Gebiet von Kars und Ardahan. Munich: Niemanis Verlag, 209. ISBN 3910100007. 
  17. ↑ Brosnahan. Ancient Armenian City of Ani. Turkey Travel Planner. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved on January 22, 2007.
  18. ↑ THE PERMIT FOR VISITING ANI, and the process to obtain it. VirtualAni.org. Retrieved on 7 August 2019.
  19. ↑ Ani viewpoint & Iron Curtain. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved on 7 August 2019.
  20. ↑ Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism and World Monuments Fund Collaborate on Historic Conservation Project in Eastern Turkey. World Monuments Fund (May 2011). Retrieved on November 17, 2011.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Centre. Archaeological Site of Ani (en). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved on 2022-12-09.
  22. ↑ Sim. The cathedral of Ani. VirtualANI. Archived from the original on January 20, 2007. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  23. ↑ Coureas (2012). Medieval and Renaissance Famagusta : Studies in Architecture, Art and History. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1409435570. 
  24. ↑ Sim. The church of St. Gregory of Tigran Honents. VirtualANI. Archived from the original on May 22, 2007. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
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