Adenosin

Adenosin
Data klinis
Namo dagang	Adenocard; Adenocor; Adenic; Adenoco; Adeno-Jec; Adenoscan; Adenosin; Adrekar; Krenosin
Namo lain	SR-96225
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Kategori pado kahamilan	C; (adenosine mungkin aman untuak janin pado padusi nan manganduang)
Rute; masuak ubek	pambuluah darah
Kode ATC	C01EB10 (WHO) ;
Status legal
Status legal	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Farmakokinetik data
Bioavailabilitas	capek dibarasihan dari sirkulasi malalui pangambilan seluler
Ikatan protein	Indak
Metabolisme	capek diubah manjadi inosin jo adenosin monofosfat
Ekskresi	bisa maninggalkan sel utuah atau bisa terdegrasi manjadi hipoksantin, xantin, jo akhinyo asam urat
Pangenal
	Namo IUPAC (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
Nomor CAS	58-61-7 ;
PubChem CID	60961;
IUPHAR/BPS	2844;
DrugBank	DB00640 ;
ChemSpider	54923 ;
UNII	K72T3FS567;
KEGG	C00212 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16335 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL477 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1022558 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.354
Data kimia jo fisika
Formula	C10H13N5O4
Molar mass	267.245 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Gambar interaktif;
	SMILES n2c1c(ncnc1n(c2)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)N
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 ; Key:OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N
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Adenosine marupoan sanyawa organik nan banyak di alam dalam bantuak turunan nan babantuak macam-macam. Molekul nyo tadiri dari adenin nan tarikek pado ribosa malalui ikatan β-N9-glikosidik.

Adenosine bisa digunoan pulo sabagai ubek. Adenosine ko bisa maubekan supraventricular tachycardia, gangguan irama jantuang.^[1]^[2]

Interaksi ubek

Dipiridamol mampotensiasi aksi adenosin, mambutuahkan panggunoan dosis nan labiah randah.

Methylxanthines (misalnyo kafein nan ditamuan dalam kopi, teofilin nan ditamuan dalam teh, atau teobromin nan disobokan dalam coklat) mampunyoi struktur purin nan mangikek babarapo reseptor nan samo jo adenosin.^[3]
Methylxanthines batindak sabagai antagonis kompetitif adenosin jo dapek manumpukkan efek formakologisnyo. Urang nan mamakan methylxanthines dalam jumlah nan banyak, mungkin paralu maningkekan dosis adenosine.^[4]

Kontraindikasi

Kontraindikasi umum untuak adenosin adolah asma. Asma sacaro tradisional dianggap sabagai kontraindikasi absolut. Iko nan sadang dipadebatkan jo kini nan dianggap sabagai kontraindikasi relatif. Namun, antagonis adenosin selekttif sadang disalidiki untuak digunokan dalam pangobatan asma.^[5]

Efek farmakologis

Adenosin adolah purin endogen nan mamodulasi banyak proses fisiologis. Pansinyalan seluler oleh adenosin tajadi malalui ampek subtipe reseptor adenosin nan dikatahui (A₁, A_2A, A_2B, jo A₃).^[6]

Konsentrasi adenosin ekstraseluler dari sel normal kira-kira 300 nM. Namun, dalam mananggapi karusakan sel (misalnyo dalam jaringan inflamasi atau iskemik), konsentrasi iko capek maningkek (600-1.200 nM). Jadi dalam kaitannyo jo stress atau cidero, fungsi adenosin nan tarutamo adolah sabagai palinduang sitop nan mancagah karusakan jaringan salamo kajadian hipoksia, iskemia, jo aktivitas kajang. Aktivasi reseptor A2A manghasiakan konstelasi respom nan sacaro umum dapek diklasifikasikan sabagai anti inflamasi.^[7]

Produksi enzimatik adenosin dapek manjadi anti-inflamasi atau imunosupresif.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Rujuakan

↑ "Adenosine". detikHealth (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Diakses tanggal 2021-01-18.
↑ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 4 Nopember 2000. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA18.
↑ "Caffeine". Chemistry Explained.
↑ "Vitamin B4". R&S Pharmchem. April 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-15.
↑ Brown RA, Spina D, Page CP (March 2008). "Adenosine receptors and asthma". Br. J. Pharmacol. 153 Suppl 1 (S1): S446–56. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.22. PMC 2268070 . PMID 18311158.
↑ Haskó G, Linden J, Cronstein B, Pacher P (September 2008). "Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 7 (9): 759–70. doi:10.1038/nrd2638. PMC 2568887 . PMID 18758473.
↑ Haskó, G (January 2004). "Adenosine: an endogenous regulator of innate immunity". Trends in Immunology. 25 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.11.003. PMID 14698282.
↑ Sek K, Mølck C, Stewart GD, Kats L (2018). "Targeting Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Cancer Immunotherapy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (12): 3837. doi:10.3390/ijms19123837. PMC 6321150 . PMID 30513816.
↑ Sek K, Mølck C, Stewart GD, Kats L (2018). "Targeting Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Cancer Immunotherapy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (12): 3837. doi:10.3390/ijms19123837. PMC 6321150 . PMID 30513816.
↑ Konen JM, Fradette JJ, Gibbons DL (2019). "The Good, the Bad and the Unknown of CD38 in the Metabolic Microenvironment and Immune Cell Functionality of Solid Tumors". Cells. 9 (1): 52. doi:10.3390/cells9010052. PMC 7016859 . PMID 31878283.
↑ Antonioli L, Pacher P, Vizi ES, Haskó G (2013). "CD39 and CD73 in immunity and inflammation". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 19 (6): 355–367. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.03.005. PMC 3674206 . PMID 23601906.

[1] "Adenosine". detikHealth (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Diakses tanggal 2021-01-18.

[TaylorFrancis2000-2] Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 4 Nopember 2000. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA18.

[CEcaffeine-3] "Caffeine". Chemistry Explained.

[4] "Vitamin B4". R&S Pharmchem. April 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-15.

[pmid18311158-5] Brown RA, Spina D, Page CP (March 2008). "Adenosine receptors and asthma". Br. J. Pharmacol. 153 Suppl 1 (S1): S446–56. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.22. PMC 2268070 . PMID 18311158.

[pmid18758473-6] Haskó G, Linden J, Cronstein B, Pacher P (September 2008). "Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 7 (9): 759–70. doi:10.1038/nrd2638. PMC 2568887 . PMID 18758473.

[7] Haskó, G (January 2004). "Adenosine: an endogenous regulator of innate immunity". Trends in Immunology. 25 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.11.003. PMID 14698282.

[pmid30513816-8] Sek K, Mølck C, Stewart GD, Kats L (2018). "Targeting Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Cancer Immunotherapy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (12): 3837. doi:10.3390/ijms19123837. PMC 6321150 . PMID 30513816.

[pmid32531894-9] Sek K, Mølck C, Stewart GD, Kats L (2018). "Targeting Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Cancer Immunotherapy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (12): 3837. doi:10.3390/ijms19123837. PMC 6321150 . PMID 30513816.

[pmid31878283-10] Konen JM, Fradette JJ, Gibbons DL (2019). "The Good, the Bad and the Unknown of CD38 in the Metabolic Microenvironment and Immune Cell Functionality of Solid Tumors". Cells. 9 (1): 52. doi:10.3390/cells9010052. PMC 7016859 . PMID 31878283.

[pmid23601906-11] Antonioli L, Pacher P, Vizi ES, Haskó G (2013). "CD39 and CD73 in immunity and inflammation". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 19 (6): 355–367. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.03.005. PMC 3674206 . PMID 23601906.

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