Yahya Jammeh
Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh (* 25 Mei 1965)[1] alikuwa rais wa nchi ya Gambia hadi tarehe 19 Januari 2017. Alichukua madaraka mwaka 1994 alipokuwa luteni wa jeshi mwenye umri wa miaka 29 na kupindua serikali ya mtangulizi wake Dawda Jawara.
Baada ya kutawala kama mwenyekiti wa kamati ya kijeshi aliunda chama cha "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction" akachaguliwa mara ya kwanza kuwa rais mwaka 1996. Aligombea tena miaka 2001, 2006 na 2011. Alishinda kila mara lakini chaguzi zote zilikosolewa kuwa si halali.
Jammeh alikosolewa mara nyingi kwa kutawala kidikteta, kuvunja haki za kibinadamu, kukandamiza magazeti, kuua wapinzani na kusababisha vifo vya watu walioshtakiwa kuwa wachawi au wahamiaji kutoka nchi jirani.
Alipogombea tena mwaka 2016 alishindwa na Adama Barrow akatambua matokeo haya na kutangaza mwisho wa urais wake.[2]. Kumbe, baada ya viongozi wa upinzani kutangaza ya kwamba Jammeh na viongozi wengine watafanyiwa utafiti kwa jinai dhidi ya haki za kibinadamu Jammeh alibadilisha msimamo na tarehe 9 Desemba 2016 alitangaza kufutwa kwa matokeo akitaka uchaguzi mpya. [3]
Siku mbili baada ya nchi kuvamiwa na nchi jirani kwa idhini ya Umoja wa Mataifa, tarehe 21 Januari 2017 Jammeh alikubali kuachia.
Maisha
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Jammeh alizaliwa 1965 katika familia ya Wajola kwenye kjiji cha Kanilai, kwenye West Coast Region ya Gambia. Baba yake Abdul Aziz James alijipatia ruzuku kama mpigaji mweleka, mama yake Asombi Bojang alitunza nyumba na kuwa na biashara ndogo.
Alisoma shule ya msingi Kanilai akafaulu vema mtihani wa darasa la sita akaendelea kusoma sekondari Saint Edwards mjini Bwiam akikaa kwa walezi mbalimbali. Inasemakana alibatizwa shuleni iliyokuwa shule ya misioni lakini baadaye alijitambulisha kuwa Mwislamu. [4] Aliweza kuendelea huko Banjul katika Gambia High School.
Baada ya kumaliza shule mwaka 1983 alijiunga na polisi mwaka 1984 alipopandishwa cheo kuwa sajenti mwaka 1986. Kutoka polisi alihamia jeshi akapewa cheo cha luteni usu mwaka 1989. Alitumwa kwa masomo ya ziada huko Fort McClellan, Alabama (Marekani) akapokea cheti mwaka 1994.[5] [6]
Alihudumia katika vitengo na vikosi mbalimbali vya jeshi hadi kuwa afisa mkuu wa polisi ya kijeshi kuanzia 1992 hadi uasi wa kijeshi wa 1994 alipompindua rais aliyekuwepo.[7]
Jammeh alifunga ndoa mara ya kwanza baada ya kupindua serikali iliyotangulia kwa kumwoa Tuti Faal. Hawakuwa na watoto na Jammeh alimpa talaka wakati alipoanza mapenzi na Zeinab Souma, binti wa mwanadiplomasia kutoka Guinea.[8]Alimwoa Zeinab Suma mwaka 1999 wakiwa na watoto wawili.
Mnamo Septemba 2010 Jammeh alitangaza ndoa yake ya nyongeza na Alima Sallah mwenye umri wa miaka 21 aliye binti wa balozi wa Gambia huko Saudi Arabia. Ndoa hii ilishtusha mke wa kwanza akamtenga Zahra Sallah baadaye.[9]
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Country Profiles: Sub-Saharan Africa: Gambia, U.K. Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 18 July 2011 .
- ↑ "Yahya Jammeh loses to Adama Barrow in Gambia election". Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Desemba 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gazeti The Guardian ya Uingereza iliandika: "Jammeh’s earlier decision to resign was reportedly due to a lack of support from senior security officials. However, the prospect of being held to to account for previous human rights abuses may have rallied the military and police behind the president. It is also possible Jammeh hopes to secure immunity from prosecution in return for withdrawing his rejection of the poll results. "Gambia: troops deployed to streets as president rejects election defeat theguardian.com 10-12-2016, imeangaliwa 10-12-2016
- ↑ THE GAMBIA: THE UNTOLD DICTATOR YAHYA JAMMEH'S STORY, by Pa Nderry M'Baii, uk 90-102, iUniverse (2012), ISBN10 1475961545 ISBN13 9781475961546
- ↑ "Index J". Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Machi 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Stuart A. Reid. "The Dictators Who Love America". Iliwekwa mnamo 9 Juni 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Yahya Jammeh, President Of Gambia - World Leaders In History". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-07-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 9 Juni 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gambia’s Former First Lady Is Seeking Political Asylum In The United States; As Jammeh’s Fall Is Imminent! Archived 17 Desemba 2016 at the Wayback Machine., Freedom Newspaper, 30 Novemba 2016
- ↑ Zeinab Suma, wife of Gambian President Yahya Jammeh, Business Insider India, iliangaliwa 30 Nov 2016