Isotopen van yttrium
Het chemisch element yttrium (Y), met een atoommassa van 88,90585(2) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 89Y. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. De overige 31 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van yttrium is 76Y, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 500 nanoseconden. De langstlevende is 88Y, met een halfwaardetijd van 106,65 dagen.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 76Y | 39 | 37 | 75,95845(54) | 500 ns | |||||
| 77Y | 39 | 38 | 76,94965(7) | 63(17) ms | p (> 99,9%) | 76Sr | 5/2+ | ||
| β+ (< 0,1%) | 77Sr | ||||||||
| 78Y | 39 | 39 | 77,94361(43) | 54(5) ms | β+ | 78Sr | (0+) | ||
| 78mY | 0(500) keV | 5,8(5) s | 5+ | ||||||
| 79Y | 39 | 40 | 78,93735(48) | 14,8(6) s | β+ (> 99,9%) | 79Sr | (5/2+) | ||
| β+, p (< 0,1%) | 78Rb | ||||||||
| 80Y | 39 | 41 | 79,93428(19) | 30,1(5) s | β+ | 80Sr | 4− | ||
| 80m1Y | 228,5(1) keV | 4,8(3) s | (1−) | ||||||
| 80m2Y | 312,6(9) keV | 4,7(3) µs | (2+) | ||||||
| 81Y | 39 | 42 | 80,92913(7) | 70,4(10) s | β+ | 81Sr | (5/2+) | ||
| 82Y | 39 | 43 | 81,92679(11) | 8,30(20) s | β+ | 82Sr | 1+ | ||
| 82m1Y | 402,63(14) keV | 268(25) ns | 4− | ||||||
| 82m2Y | 507,50(13) keV | 147(7) ns | 6+ | ||||||
| 83Y | 39 | 44 | 82,92235(5) | 7,08(6) min | β+ | 83Sr | 9/2+ | ||
| 83mY | 61,98(11) keV | 2,85(2) min | β+ (60%) | 83Sr | (3/2−) | ||||
| IT (40%) | 83Y | ||||||||
| 84Y | 39 | 45 | 83,92039(10) | 4,6(2) s | β+ | 84Sr | 1+ | ||
| 84mY | −80(190) keV | 39,5(8) min | β+ | 84Sr | (5−) | ||||
| 85Y | 39 | 46 | 84,916433(20) | 2,68(5) uur | β+ | 85Sr | 1/2− | ||
| 85m1Y | 19,8(5) keV | 4,86(13) uur | β+ (99,998%) | 85Sr | 9/2+ | ||||
| IT (0,002%) | 85Y | ||||||||
| 85m2Y | 266,30(20) keV | 178(6) ns | 5/2− | ||||||
| 86Y | 39 | 47 | 85,914886(15) | 14,74(2) uur | β+ | 86Sr | 4− | ||
| 86m1Y | 218,30(20) keV | 48(1) min | IT (99,31%) | 86Y | (8+) | ||||
| β+ (0,69%) | 86Sr | ||||||||
| 86m2Y | 302,2(5) keV | 125(6) ns | (7−) | ||||||
| 87Y | 39 | 48 | 86,9108757(17) | 79,8(3) uur | β+ | 87Sr | 1/2− | ||
| 87mY | 380,82(7) keV | 13,37(3) uur | IT (98,43%) | 87Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| β+ (1,56%) | 87Sr | ||||||||
| 88Y | 39 | 49 | 87,9095011(20) | 106,616(13) dagen | β+ | 88Sr | 4− | ||
| 88m1Y | 674,55(4) keV | 13,9(2) ms | IT | 88Y | 8+ | ||||
| 88m2Y | 392,86(9) keV | 300(3) µs | 1+ | ||||||
| 89Y | 39 | 50 | 88,9058483(27) | stabiel | 1/2− | 1,0000 | |||
| 89mY | 908,97(3) keV | 15,663(5) s | IT | 89Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| 90Y | 39 | 51 | 89,9071519(27) | 64,053(20) uur | β− | 90Zr | 2− | ||
| 90mY | 681,67(10) keV | 3,19(6) uur | IT (99,99%) | 90Y | 7+ | ||||
| β− (,0018%) | 90Zr | ||||||||
| 91Y | 39 | 52 | 90,907305(3) | 58,51(6) dagen | β− | 91Zr | 1/2− | ||
| 91mY | 555,58(5) keV | 49,71(4) min | IT (98,5%) | 91Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| β− (1,5%) | 91Zr | ||||||||
| 92Y | 39 | 53 | 91,908949(10) | 3,54(1) uur | β− | 92Zr | 2− | ||
| 93Y | 39 | 54 | 92,909583(11) | 10,18(8) uur | β− | 93Zr | 1/2− | ||
| 93mY | 758,719(21) keV | 820(40) ms | IT | 93Y | 7/2+ | ||||
| 94Y | 39 | 55 | 93,911595(8) | 18,7(1) min | β− | 94Zr | 2− | ||
| 95Y | 39 | 56 | 94,912821(8) | 10,3(1) min | β− | 95Zr | 1/2− | ||
| 96Y | 39 | 57 | 95,915891(25) | 5,34(5) s | β− | 96Zr | 0− | ||
| 96mY | 1140(30) keV | 9,6(2) s | β− | 96Zr | 8+ | ||||
| 97Y | 39 | 58 | 96,918134(13) | 3,75(3) s | β− (99,942%) | 97Zr | (1/2−) | ||
| β−, n (0,058%) | 96Zr | ||||||||
| 97m1Y | 667,51(23) keV | 1,17(3) s | β− (99,3%) | 97Zr | 9/2+ | ||||
| IT (0,7%) | 97Y | ||||||||
| β−, n (0,08%) | 96Zr | ||||||||
| 97m2Y | 3523,3(4) keV | 142(8) ms | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 98Y | 39 | 59 | 97,922203(26) | 0,548(2) s | β− (99,669%) | 98Zr | 0− | ||
| β−, n (0,331%) | 97Zr | ||||||||
| 98m1Y | 170,74(6) keV | 620(80) ns | 2− | ||||||
| 98m2Y | 410(30) keV | 2,0(2) s | β− (86,6%) | 98Zr | (5+, 4−) | ||||
| IT (10%) | 98Y | ||||||||
| β−, n (3,4%) | 97Zr | ||||||||
| 98m3Y | 496,19(15) keV | 7,6(4) µs | (2−) | ||||||
| 98m4Y | 1181,1(4) keV | 0,83(10) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 99Y | 39 | 60 | 98,924636(26) | 1,470(7) s | β− (98,1%) | 99Zr | (5/2+) | ||
| β−, n (1,9%) | 98Zr | ||||||||
| 99mY | 2141,65(19) keV | 8,6(8) µs | (17/2+) | ||||||
| 100Y | 39 | 61 | 99,92776(8) | 735(7) ms | β− (98,98%) | 100Zr | 1−, 2− | ||
| β−, n (1,02%) | 99Zr | ||||||||
| 100mY | 200(200) keV | 940(30) ms | β− | 100Zr | (3, 4, 5)+ | ||||
| 101Y | 39 | 62 | 100,93031(10) | 426(20) ms | β− (98,06%) | 101Zr | (5/2+) | ||
| β−, n (1,94%) | 100Zr | ||||||||
| 102Y | 39 | 63 | 101,93356(9) | 0,30(1) s | β− (95,1%) | 102Zr | |||
| β−, n (4,9%) | 101Zr | ||||||||
| 102mY | 200(200) keV | 360(40) ms | β− (94%) | 102Zr | |||||
| β−, n (6%) | 101Zr | ||||||||
| 103Y | 39 | 64 | 102,93673(32) | 224(19) ms | β− (91,7%) | 103Zr | 5/2+ | ||
| β−, n (8,3%) | 102Zr | ||||||||
| 104Y | 39 | 65 | 103,94105(43) | 180(60) ms | β− | 104Zr | |||
| 105Y | 39 | 66 | 104,94487(54) | 60 ms | β− | 105Zr | 5/2+ | ||
| 106Y | 39 | 67 | 105,94979(75) | 50 ms | β− | 106Zr | |||
| 107Y | 39 | 68 | 106,95414(54) | 30 ms | 5/2+ | ||||
| 108Y | 39 | 69 | 107,95948(86) | 20 ms | |||||
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Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859