Šivizam

Šiva (iznad) je primarno božanstvo šivizma. Ritual na Muni ki Reti, Rišikeš

Šivizam (Devanagari: शैव संप्रदाय;^[1]^[2]^[3]) jedna je od glavnih tradicija unutar hinduizma koja poštuje Šivu kao Vrhovno biće.^[4]^[5]^{[note 1]} Sledbenici Šivizma se nazivaju „šivistima”. To je jedna od najvećih sekti koja veruje da je Šiva - obožavana kao stvaralac i razarač svetova - vrhovni bog nad svima.^[6] Šiva ima mnogo podtradicija, koje se kreću od duhovnog dualističkog teizma, kao što je Šiva Sidanta do monističkog neteizma orijentiranog na jogu, kao što je kašmirski šivizam.^[7]^[8]^[9] Šivizam smatra Vede i tekstove Agame važnim teološkim izvorima.^[10]^[11]^[12] Poreklo Šivizma može se pratiti od zamisli Rudre u Rigvedi.^[13]

Šivizam ima drevne korene, koji se mogu pratiti u vedskoj literaturi drugog milenijuma pne, mada to je u obliku vedskog božanstva Rudre.^[14] Drevni tekst Švetašvatara Upanišad iz kasnog prvog milenijuma pne spominje termine kao što su Rudra, Šiva i Mahešvaram,^[15]^[16] ali se njegova interpretacija kao teistički ili monistički tekst šivizma osporava.^[17]^[18] U ranim vekovima nove ere prvi jasan dokaz dolazi od Paupata Šivisma.^[14] Pobožni i monistički šivizam postao je popularan u 1. milenijumu, i ubrzo je postao dominantna religijska tradicija mnogih hinduističkih kraljevstava.^[14] U jugoistočnu Aziju dospeo je ubrzo nakon toga, što je dovelo izgradnje hiljada hramova Šive na ostrvima Indonezije, kao i Kambodže i Vijetnama, koji su se uporedo razvijali sa budizmom u ovim regionima.^[19]^[20] U savremenom dobu, šivizam je jedan od glavnih aspekata hinduizma.^[14]

Šivistička teologija se kreće od Šive kao kreatora, čuvara, razarača do njegog poistovećivanja sa Atmanom (suštinom, dušom) unutar sebe i svakog živog bića. Ona je blisko povezana sa šaktizmom, a deo šivista vrši bogosluženje u hramovima Šive i Šakte.^[9] Hinduistička tradicija najviše prihvata asketski život i naglašava jogu. Kao i druge hinduističke tradicije, ona ohrabruje pojedinca da otkrije i bude jedno sa Šivom unutar sebe.^[7]^[8]^[21] Šivizam je jedna od najvećih tradicija u hinduizmu.^[22]^[23]

Napomene

^ Zajeno sa Višnuizmom, Šaktizmom, i Smartizmom

Reference

^ „History of Shaivism”.
^ „facts on the Shaivism”.
^ Dancing with Siva. USA: Himalayan Academy. section: Glossary—Śabda Kośaḥ N-S.
^ S Parmeshwaranand 2004, стр. 19–20, 272–275.
^ P. T. Raju (1985). Structural Depths of Indian Thought. State University of New York Press. стр. 10—14, 509—516. ISBN 978-0-88706-139-4.
^ Flood 2003, стр. 200–201.
^ ^а ^б Flood 1996, стр. 162–167.
^ ^а ^б Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7. стр. 16–19.
^ ^а ^б Flood 2003, стр. 202–204.
^ David Smith (1996), The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-48234-9. стр. 116.
^ Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality, Gregorian University and Biblical Press. ISBN 978-88-7652-818-7. стр. 31–34.with footnotes
^ Mark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0595-8. стр. 43–44.
^ Textbooks from India, Volume 1. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 2002. стр. 199. „The origin of Saivism may be traced to the conception of Rudra in the RigVeda”
^ ^а ^б ^в ^г Peter Bisschop (2011). Shaivism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195399318.
^ [a] Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120814684. стр. 301–304.;
[b] R G Bhandarkar (2001), Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems, Routledge. ISBN 978-8121509992. стр. 106–111.
^ Robert Hume (1921), Shvetashvatara Upanishad, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 400–406 with footnotes
^ A Kunst, Some notes on the interpretation of the Ṥvetāṥvatara Upaniṣad. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 31 (02). Недостаје или је празан параметар |title= (помоћ), June 1968, pages 309–314. . doi:10.1017/S0041977X00146531. Недостаје или је празан параметар |title= (помоћ)
^ D Srinivasan (1997), Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes, Brill. ISBN 978-9004107588. стр. 96–97.and Chapter 9
^ Flood 2003, стр. 208–214.
^ Gonda, Jan (1975). Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions. BRILL Academic. стр. 3—20, 35—36, 49—51. ISBN 978-90-04-04330-5.
^ „Introduction to Hinduism”. Himalayan Academy. 2009. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 01. 2020. г. Приступљено 01. 02. 2014.
^ Johnson, Todd M; Grim, Brian J (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. John Wiley & Sons. стр. 400. ISBN 9781118323038.
^ Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase. стр. 474. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

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Daniélou, Alain (1987). While the Gods Play: Shaiva Oracles and Predictions on the Cycles of History and the Destiny of Mankind. Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-1-59477-736-3.
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Flood, Gavin, ур. (2003). „The Śaiva Traditions”. The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1405132510.
Gray, David B. (2016). „Tantra and the Tantric Traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.59.
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Gonda, Jan (1977). „Ch. 10-13”. Medieval Religious Literature in Sanskrit. A History of Indian Literature 2.1. Harrassowitz Verlag.
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Lorenzen, David N. (1987). „Śaivism: An Overview”. Ур.: Eliade, Mircea. The Encyclopedia of Religion. 13. Collier Macmillan.
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Sanderson, Alexis (2009). „The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period” (PDF). Ур.: Einoo, Shingo. Genesis and Development of Tantrism. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 01. 03. 2019. г. Приступљено 20. 07. 2019.
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Sanderson, Alexis (2004). „The Śaiva Religion among the Khmers Part I”. Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient. 90/91. JSTOR 43732654.
Sanderson, Alexis (2010). Dominic Goodall & Andre Padoux, ур. Mélanges tantriques à la mémoire d'Hélène Brunner: Tantric Studies in Memory of Hélène Brunner. Institut Français de Pondichéry. ISBN 978-2855396668.
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Spoljašnje veze

Encyclopædia Britannica, "Shaivism"
Saivism.Net
Alexis sanderson, Publications, scholarly studies in Shaivism

[6] Zajeno sa Višnuizmom, Šaktizmom, i Smartizmom

[1] „History of Shaivism”.

[2] „facts on the Shaivism”.

[3] Dancing with Siva. USA: Himalayan Academy. section: Glossary—Śabda Kośaḥ N-S.

[FOOTNOTES_Parmeshwaranand200419–20,_272–275-4] S Parmeshwaranand 2004, стр. 19–20, 272–275.

[Raju1985p10-5] P. T. Raju (1985). Structural Depths of Indian Thought. State University of New York Press. стр. 10—14, 509—516. ISBN 978-0-88706-139-4.

[FOOTNOTEFlood2003200–201-7] Flood 2003, стр. 200–201.

[FOOTNOTEFlood1996162–167-8] а ^б Flood 1996, стр. 162–167.

[ganeshtagare-9] а ^б Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7. стр. 16–19.

[FOOTNOTEFlood2003202–204-10] а ^б Flood 2003, стр. 202–204.

[davidsmith116-11] David Smith (1996), The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-48234-9. стр. 116.

[dhavamony-12] Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality, Gregorian University and Biblical Press. ISBN 978-88-7652-818-7. стр. 31–34.with footnotes

[Mark_Dyczkowski_1989_pages_43-13] Mark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0595-8. стр. 43–44.

[14] Textbooks from India, Volume 1. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 2002. стр. 199. „The origin of Saivism may be traced to the conception of Rudra in the RigVeda”

[bisschopoup-15] а ^б ^в ^г Peter Bisschop (2011). Shaivism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195399318.

[16] [a] Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120814684. стр. 301–304.;
[b] R G Bhandarkar (2001), Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems, Routledge. ISBN 978-8121509992. стр. 106–111.

[17] Robert Hume (1921), Shvetashvatara Upanishad, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 400–406 with footnotes

[18] A Kunst, Some notes on the interpretation of the Ṥvetāṥvatara Upaniṣad. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 31 (02). Недостаје или је празан параметар |title= (помоћ), June 1968, pages 309–314. . doi:10.1017/S0041977X00146531. Недостаје или је празан параметар |title= (помоћ)

[srinivasanch9-19] D Srinivasan (1997), Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes, Brill. ISBN 978-9004107588. стр. 96–97.and Chapter 9

[FOOTNOTEFlood2003208–214-20] Flood 2003, стр. 208–214.

[21] Gonda, Jan (1975). Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions. BRILL Academic. стр. 3—20, 35—36, 49—51. ISBN 978-90-04-04330-5.

[Himalaya_Academy-22] „Introduction to Hinduism”. Himalayan Academy. 2009. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 01. 2020. г. Приступљено 01. 02. 2014.

[johnson400-23] Johnson, Todd M; Grim, Brian J (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. John Wiley & Sons. стр. 400. ISBN 9781118323038.

[JonesRyan2006p474-24] Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase. стр. 474. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

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