Indicator Removal on Host: File Deletion
Other sub-techniques of Indicator Removal on Host (6)
ID | Name |
---|---|
T1070.001 | Clear Windows Event Logs |
T1070.002 | Clear Linux or Mac System Logs |
T1070.003 | Clear Command History |
T1070.004 | File Deletion |
T1070.005 | Network Share Connection Removal |
T1070.006 | Timestomp |
Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.
There are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Examples include native cmd functions such as DEL, secure deletion tools such as Windows Sysinternals SDelete, or other third-party file deletion tools. [1]
Procedure Examples
Name | Description |
---|---|
ADVSTORESHELL |
ADVSTORESHELL can delete files and directories.[2] |
Anchor |
Anchor can self delete its dropper after the malware is successfully deployed.[3] |
APT18 |
APT18 actors deleted tools and batch files from victim systems.[4] |
APT28 |
APT28 has intentionally deleted computer files to cover their tracks, including with use of the program CCleaner.[5] |
APT29 | |
APT3 | |
APT32 | |
APT38 |
APT38 has used a utility called CLOSESHAVE that can securely delete a file from the system.[9] |
APT41 | |
Aria-body |
Aria-body has the ability to delete files and directories on compromised hosts.[11] |
Attor |
Attor’s plugin deletes the collected files and log files after exfiltration.[12] |
AuditCred | |
Azorult | |
BabyShark |
BabyShark has cleaned up all files associated with the secondary payload execution.[15] |
BackConfig |
BackConfig has the ability to remove files and folders related to previous infections.[16] |
Backdoor.Oldrea |
Backdoor.Oldrea contains a cleanup module that removes traces of itself from the victim.[17] |
Bankshot |
Bankshot marks files to be deleted upon the next system reboot and uninstalls and removes itself from the system.[18] |
BBSRAT | |
Bisonal |
Bisonal deletes its dropper and VBS scripts from the victim’s machine.[20] |
BLACKCOFFEE |
BLACKCOFFEE has the capability to delete files.[21] |
BRONZE BUTLER |
The BRONZE BUTLER uploader or malware the uploader uses |
Calisto |
Calisto has the capability to use |
Carbanak | |
Cardinal RAT |
Cardinal RAT can uninstall itself, including deleting its executable.[25] |
CARROTBAT |
CARROTBAT has the ability to delete downloaded files from a compromised host.[26] |
Cherry Picker |
Recent versions of Cherry Picker delete files and registry keys created by the malware.[27] |
cmd | |
Cobalt Group |
Cobalt Group deleted the DLL dropper from the victim’s machine to cover their tracks.[29] |
Cryptoistic |
Cryptoistic has the ability delete files from a compromised host.[30] |
Denis |
Denis has a command to delete files from the victim’s machine.[31][32] |
Derusbi |
Derusbi is capable of deleting files. It has been observed loading a Linux Kernel Module (LKM) and then deleting it from the hard disk as well as overwriting the data with null bytes.[33][34] |
Dragonfly 2.0 |
Dragonfly 2.0 deleted many of its files used during operations as part of cleanup, including removing applications and deleting screenshots.[35][36] |
Drovorub |
Drovorub can delete specific files from a compromised host.[37] |
DustySky |
DustySky can delete files it creates from the infected system.[38] |
Elise |
Elise is capable of launching a remote shell on the host to delete itself.[39] |
Epic | |
EvilBunny |
EvilBunny has deleted the initial dropper after running through the environment checks.[41] |
FALLCHILL |
FALLCHILL can delete malware and associated artifacts from the victim.[42] |
FatDuke | |
FELIXROOT |
FELIXROOT deletes the .LNK file from the startup directory as well as the dropper components.[44] |
FIN10 |
FIN10 has used batch scripts and scheduled tasks to delete critical system files.[45] |
FIN5 |
FIN5 uses SDelete to clean up the environment and attempt to prevent detection.[46] |
FIN6 | |
FIN8 |
FIN8 has deleted tmp and prefetch files during post compromise cleanup activities.[48] |
FruitFly | |
Fysbis | |
Gamaredon Group |
Gamaredon Group tools can delete files used during an infection.[51] |
Gazer |
Gazer has commands to delete files and persistence mechanisms from the victim.[52][53] |
gh0st RAT | |
Gold Dragon |
Gold Dragon deletes one of its files, 2.hwp, from the endpoint after establishing persistence.[56] |
GoldenSpy |
GoldenSpy's uninstaller can delete registry entries, files and folders, and finally itself once these tasks have been completed.[57] |
GreyEnergy |
GreyEnergy can securely delete a file by hooking into the DeleteFileA and DeleteFileW functions in the Windows API.[58] |
Group5 |
Malware used by Group5 is capable of remotely deleting files from victims.[59] |
HALFBAKED | |
Hancitor | |
HAWKBALL | |
Hi-Zor |
Hi-Zor deletes its RAT installer file as it executes its DLL payload file.[63] |
Honeybee |
Honeybee removes batch files to reduce fingerprint on the system as well as deletes the CAB file that gets encoded upon infection.[64] |
HotCroissant |
HotCroissant has the ability to clean up installed files, delete files, and delete itself from the victim’s machine.[65] |
HTTPBrowser |
HTTPBrowser deletes its original installer file once installation is complete.[66] |
Hydraq |
Hydraq creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.[67][68] |
HyperBro | |
Imminent Monitor |
Imminent Monitor has deleted files related to its dynamic debugger feature.[70] |
InnaputRAT |
InnaputRAT has a command to delete files.[71] |
InvisiMole |
InvisiMole has deleted files and directories including XML and files successfully uploaded to C2 servers.[72][73] |
Ixeshe | |
JHUHUGIT |
The JHUHUGIT dropper can delete itself from the victim. Another JHUHUGIT variant has the capability to delete specified files.[75][76] |
JPIN |
JPIN's installer/uninstaller component deletes itself if it encounters a version of Windows earlier than Windows XP or identifies security-related processes running.[77] |
jRAT |
jRAT has a function to delete files from the victim’s machine.[78] |
Kazuar | |
KEYMARBLE |
KEYMARBLE has the capability to delete files off the victim’s machine.[80] |
Kimsuky |
Kimsuky has deleted the exfiltrated data on disk after transmission.[81] |
Kivars |
Kivars has the ability to uninstall malware from the infected host.[82] |
Komplex | |
KONNI | |
Lazarus Group |
Lazarus Group malware deletes files in various ways, including "suicide scripts" to delete malware binaries from the victim. Lazarus Group also uses secure file deletion to delete files from the victim.[85][86][87] |
LightNeuron |
LightNeuron has a function to delete files.[88] |
Linfo |
Linfo creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.[89] |
LockerGoga |
LockerGoga has been observed deleting its original launcher after execution.[90] |
LoudMiner | |
Machete |
Once a file is uploaded, Machete will delete it from the machine.[92] |
MacSpy | |
Magic Hound |
Magic Hound has deleted and overwrote files to cover tracks.[94][95] |
menuPass |
A menuPass macro deletes files after it has decoded and decompressed them.[96][97] |
MESSAGETAP |
Once loaded into memory, MESSAGETAP deletes the keyword_parm.txt and parm.txt configuration files from disk. [98] |
Metamorfo |
Metamorfo has deleted itself from the system after execution.[99][100] |
Misdat | |
MoonWind | |
More_eggs | |
Mosquito | |
MURKYTOP | |
NanHaiShu |
NanHaiShu launches a script to delete their original decoy file to cover tracks.[105] |
NOKKI | |
OceanSalt | |
OilRig |
OilRig has deleted files associated with their payload after execution.[108][109] |
Okrum |
Okrum's backdoor deletes files after they have been successfully uploaded to C2 servers.[110] |
OopsIE |
OopsIE has the capability to delete files and scripts from the victim's machine.[111] |
OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D |
OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D has a command to delete a file from the system.[112] |
Pasam |
Pasam creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.[113] |
Patchwork |
Patchwork removed certain files and replaced them so they could not be retrieved.[114] |
Pillowmint |
Pillowmint has deleted the filepath |
PLEAD |
PLEAD has the ability to delete files on the compromised host.[82] |
pngdowner |
pngdowner deletes content from C2 communications that was saved to the user's temporary directory.[116] |
Pony |
Pony has used scripts to delete itself after execution.[117] |
PowerDuke |
PowerDuke has a command to write random data across a file and delete it.[118] |
PowerShower |
PowerShower has the ability to remove all files created during the dropper process.[119] |
POWERSTATS |
POWERSTATS can delete all files on the C:\, D:\, E:\ and, F:\ drives using PowerShell Remove-Item commands.[120] |
Proton | |
Proxysvc |
Proxysvc can delete files indicated by the attacker and remove itself from disk using a batch file.[86] |
Pteranodon |
Pteranodon can delete files that may interfere with it executing. It also can delete temporary files and itself after the initial script executes.[121] |
PUNCHBUGGY |
PUNCHBUGGY can delete files written to disk.[48][122] |
QUADAGENT |
QUADAGENT has a command to delete its Registry key and scheduled task.[123] |
RDAT |
RDAT can issue SOAP requests to delete already processed C2 emails. RDAT can also delete itself from the infected system.[124] |
RDFSNIFFER |
RDFSNIFFER has the capability of deleting local files.[125] |
Reaver |
Reaver deletes the original dropped file from the victim.[126] |
RedLeaves | |
Remsec |
Remsec is capable of deleting files on the victim. It also securely removes itself after collecting and exfiltrating data.[128][129][130] |
REvil |
REvil can mark its binary code for deletion after reboot.[131] |
Rising Sun |
Rising Sun can delete files specified by the C2.[132] |
Rocke | |
ROKRAT | |
RTM |
RTM can delete all files created during its execution.[135][136] |
RunningRAT |
RunningRAT contains code to delete files from the victim’s machine.[56] |
Sakula |
Some Sakula samples use cmd.exe to delete temporary files.[137] |
SamSam |
SamSam has been seen deleting its own files and payloads to make analysis of the attack more difficult.[138] |
Sandworm Team |
Sandworm Team has used backdoors that can delete files used in an attack from an infected system.[139][140] |
SDBot |
SDBot has the ability to delete files from a compromised host.[141] |
SDelete |
SDelete deletes data in a way that makes it unrecoverable.[142] |
SeaDuke |
SeaDuke can securely delete files, including deleting itself from the victim.[143] |
Seasalt | |
ServHelper |
ServHelper has a module to delete itself from the infected machine.[145][146] |
ShimRat |
ShimRat can uninstall itself from compromised hosts, as well create and modify directories, delete, move, copy, and rename files.[147] |
Silence |
Silence has deleted artifacts, including scheduled tasks, communicates files from the C2 and other logs.[148][149] |
SpeakUp |
SpeakUp deletes files to remove evidence on the machine. [150] |
SQLRat |
SQLRat has used been observed deleting scripts once used.[151] |
StoneDrill |
StoneDrill has been observed deleting the temporary files once they fulfill their task.[152] |
StrongPity |
StrongPity can delete previously exfiltrated files from the compromised host.[153][154] |
Sunburst | |
Sunspot |
Following the successful injection of Sunburst, Sunspot deleted a temporary file it created named |
TDTESS |
TDTESS creates then deletes log files during installation of itself as a service.[158] |
TEMP.Veles |
TEMP.Veles routinely deleted tools, logs, and other files after they were finished with them.[159] |
The White Company |
The White Company has the ability to delete its malware entirely from the target system.[160] |
Threat Group-3390 |
Threat Group-3390 has deleted existing logs and exfiltrated file archives from a victim.[161] |
Trojan.Karagany |
Trojan.Karagany has used plugins with a self-delete capability.[162] |
Tropic Trooper |
Tropic Trooper has deleted dropper files on an infected system using command scripts.[163] |
TYPEFRAME | |
UNC2452 |
UNC2452 routinely removed their tools, including custom backdoors, once remote access was achieved.[155] |
Ursnif |
Ursnif has deleted data staged in tmp files after exfiltration.[165] |
USBStealer |
USBStealer has several commands to delete files associated with the malware from the victim.[166] |
VBShower |
VBShower has attempted to complicate forensic analysis by deleting all the files contained in |
VERMIN | |
Volgmer |
Volgmer can delete files and itself after infection to avoid analysis.[169] |
WINDSHIELD |
WINDSHIELD is capable of file deletion along with other file system interaction.[170] |
WindTail |
WindTail has the ability to receive and execute a self-delete command.[171] |
Wingbird |
Wingbird deletes its payload along with the payload's parent process after it finishes copying files.[172] |
Wizard Spider |
Wizard Spider has used file deletion to remove some modules and configurations from an infected host after use.[173] |
XAgentOSX |
XAgentOSX contains the deletFileFromPath function to delete a specified file using the NSFileManager:removeFileAtPath method.[174] |
Zebrocy |
Zebrocy has a command to delete files and directories.[175][176] |
Zeus Panda |
Zeus Panda has a command to delete a file. It also can uninstall scripts and delete files to cover its track.[177] |
zwShell |
zwShell has deleted itself after creating a service as well as deleted a temporary file when the system reboots.[178] |
ZxShell |
Mitigations
This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.
Detection
It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.
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