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Account Discovery: Email Account
Other sub-techniques of Account Discovery (4)
| ID | Name |
|---|---|
| T1087.001 | Local Account |
| T1087.002 | Domain Account |
| T1087.003 | Email Account |
| T1087.004 | Cloud Account |
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).[1]
In on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, theGet-GlobalAddressList PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.[2][3]
Procedure Examples
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Backdoor.Oldrea |
Backdoor.Oldrea collects address book information from Outlook.[4] |
| Emotet |
Emotet has been observed leveraging a module that can scrape email addresses from Outlook.[5][6] |
| MailSniper |
MailSniper can be used to obtain account names from Exchange and Office 365 using the |
| Ruler |
Ruler can be used to enumerate Exchange users and dump the GAL.[7] |
| Sandworm Team |
Sandworm Team used malware to enumerate email settings, including usernames and passwords, from the M.E.Doc application.[8] |
| TA505 |
TA505 has used the tool EmailStealer to steal and send lists of e-mail addresses to a remote server.[9] |
| TrickBot |
Mitigations
This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.
Detection
System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.
Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.
References
- Microsoft. (2020, February 7). Address lists in Exchange Server. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
- Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-GlobalAddressList. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
- CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
- Cherepanov, A.. (2017, July 4). Analysis of TeleBots’ cunning backdoor . Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group’s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.